{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:43:23Z","timestamp":1791254603104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent introduction of novel treatments for advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and the well-established impact of clinical case discussion within dedicated multidisciplinary teams indicates the need to promote the centralization of rare diseases, such as NENs (neuroendocrine neoplasms). Data on the real-life use of and indications for [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET\/CT were collected from a prospective monocentric 5-year electronic archive including consecutive patients with confirmed and suspected NETs (September 2017 to May 2022). Overall, 2082 [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET\/CT scans (1685 confirmed NETs, 397 suspected NETs) were performed in 1537 patients. A high positivity rate was observed across different clinical settings (approximately 70%). Approximately 910\/2082 scans were requested by the local oncology ward (851 confirmed NETs, 59 suspected NETs). The following observations were found: (i) the detection rate across all indications was 73.2% (higher for staging, peptide receptor radioligand therapy (PRRT) selection, and treatment response assessment); (ii) in suspected NETs, PET was more often positive when based on radiological findings. This systematic data collection in a high-volume diagnostic center represents a reliable cohort reflecting the global trends in the use of [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET\/CT for different clinical indications and primary tumor sites, but prompts the need for further multicenter data sharing in such a rare and slowly progressive disease setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16040701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T03:47:09Z","timestamp":1707277629000},"page":"701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real-Life Use of [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET\/CT in Confirmed and Suspected NETs from a Prospective 5-Year Electronic Archive at an ENETS Center of Excellence: More Than 2000 Scans in More Than 1500 Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma","family":"Bonazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Fortunati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Argalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7321-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diletta","family":"Calabr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tabacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Allegri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Andrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Di Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Casadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mosconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5008-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Ambrosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04439-9","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of Somatostatin Receptor Heterogeneity in Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumor Treated with Lu-177 DOTATOC or Lu-177 DOTATATE","volume":"47","author":"Graf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1759","article-title":"18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Survival of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"16","author":"Binderup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"183","article-title":"Predictors of Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors after Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu-Octreotate","volume":"55","author":"Ezziddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Off. Publ. Soc. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09708-2","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms","volume":"33","author":"Rindi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21493","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"68","author":"Cives","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002276","article-title":"68Ga PET Imaging in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9631-1","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of Gallium-68 Somatostatin Receptor PET and PET\/CT in Patients with Thoracic and Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"42","author":"Treglia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2482-z","article-title":"Somatostatin Receptor PET\/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumours: Update on Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"40","author":"Geijer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"204","article-title":"SNMMI Procedure Standard\/EANM Practice Guideline for SSTR PET: Imaging Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"64","author":"Hope","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Off. Publ. Soc. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3728-y","article-title":"Guideline for PET\/CT Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with 68Ga-DOTA-Conjugated Somatostatin Receptor Targeting Peptides and 18F\u2013DOPA","volume":"44","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treglia, G., Sadeghi, R., Giovinazzo, F., Galiandro, F., Annunziata, S., Muoio, B., and Kroiss, A.S. (2021). PET with Different Radiopharmaceuticals in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: An Umbrella Review of Published Meta-Analyses. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13205172"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"369","article-title":"Performance of (68)Ga-DOTA-Conjugated Somatostatin Receptor-Targeting Peptide PET in Detection of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis","volume":"60","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Off. Publ. Soc. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hennrich, U., and Kopka, K. (2019). Lutathera\u00ae: The First FDA- and EMA-Approved Radiopharmaceutical for Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. Pharm. Basel Switz., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12030114"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2330-6","article-title":"The Joint IAEA, EANM, and SNMMI Practical Guidance on Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRNT) in Neuroendocrine Tumours","volume":"40","author":"Zaknun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1764","article-title":"Updates to the Appropriate-Use Criteria for Somatostatin Receptor PET","volume":"61","author":"Hope","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Off. Publ. Soc. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"66","article-title":"Appropriate Use Criteria for Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging in Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"59","author":"Hope","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Off. Publ. Soc. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.040378","article-title":"Processing of Generator-Produced 68Ga for Medical Application","volume":"48","author":"Zhernosekov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1407-3","article-title":"Guidance on Current Good Radiopharmacy Practice (cGRPP) for the Small-Scale Preparation of Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"37","author":"Elsinga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2023.2237593","article-title":"Understanding the Increasing Incidence of Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"18","author":"Pathak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambrosini, V., Zanoni, L., Filice, A., Lamberti, G., Argalia, G., Fortunati, E., Campana, D., Versari, A., and Fanti, S. (2022). Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogues for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14041055"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1159\/000503721","article-title":"Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Small Bowel and Pancreas","volume":"110","author":"Clift","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01029-7","article-title":"Epidemiology, Incidence, and Prevalence of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are There Global Differences?","volume":"23","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04398-1","article-title":"European Association of Nuclear Medicine Practice Guideline\/Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Procedure Standard 2019 for Radionuclide Imaging of Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma","volume":"46","author":"Hicks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13343","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13343","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) 2023 Guidance Paper for Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours","volume":"35","author":"Denecke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.03.304","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up","volume":"31","author":"Pavel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2019-0040","article-title":"The Multidisciplinary Team for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: The Radiologist\u2019s Challenge","volume":"53","author":"Granata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabacchi, E., Fortunati, E., Argalia, G., Zanoni, L., Calabr\u00f2, D., Telo, S., Campana, D., Lamberti, G., Ricci, C., and Casadei, R. (2022). [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC Uptake at Pancreatic Head\/Uncinate Process: Is It a Persistent Diagnostic Pitfall Over Time?. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143541"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06166-8","article-title":"Efficacy of [(177)Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Different Locations: Data from the SEPTRALU Study","volume":"50","author":"Mitjavila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2146-4","article-title":"Is 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET\/CT Indicated in Patients with Clinical, Biochemical or Radiological Suspicion of Neuroendocrine Tumour?","volume":"39","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13639","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13639","article-title":"Evaluation of Multidisciplinary Team Decisions in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Impact of Expert Centres","volume":"31","author":"Zandee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.01.008","article-title":"Consensus on Molecular Imaging and Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms","volume":"146","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05262-x","article-title":"EANM Focus 3: The International Conference on Molecular Imaging and Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Tumours-the Consensus in a Nutshell","volume":"48","author":"Kunikowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/4\/701\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:56:21Z","timestamp":1760104581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/4\/701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers16040701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16040701","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]}}}