{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:10:07Z","timestamp":1792001407385,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The current study aims to evaluate the occurrence of temporal lobe reactions and identify possible risk factors for patients who underwent particle therapy of the skull base. Methods: 244 patients treated for skull base chordoma (n = 144) or chondrosarcoma (n = 100) at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) using a raster scan technique, were analyzed. Follow-up MRI-scans were matched with the initial planning images. Radiogenic reactions were contoured and analyzed based on volume and dose of treatment. Results: 51 patients with chordoma (35.4%) and 30 patients (30%) with chondrosarcoma experienced at least one temporal lobe reaction within the follow-up period (median 49 months for chondrosarcoma, 62 months for chordoma). Age, irradiated volume, and dose values were significant risk factors for the development of temporal lobe reactions with the highest significance for the value of DMax-7 being defined as the dose maximum in the temporal lobe minus the 7cc with the highest dose (p = 0.000000000019; OR 1.087). Conclusion: Temporal lobe reactions are a common side effect after particle therapy of the skull base. We were able to develop a multivariate model, which predicted radiation reactions with a specificity of 99% and a sensitivity of 52.2%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16040718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:00:02Z","timestamp":1707382802000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Patterns of Temporal Lobe Reaction and Radiation Necrosis after Particle Radiotherapy in Patients with Skull Base Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma\u2014A Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Mattke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landesklinikum (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ohlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0718-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Bougatf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Welzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Roeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landesklinikum (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Research and Development of Advanced Radiation Technologies (radART), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Gerum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landesklinikum (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Fussl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landesklinikum (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalee","family":"Annon-Eberharter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landesklinikum (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Ellerbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6056-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"J\u00e4kel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Division for Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Haberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Herfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Uhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwigshafen Hospital, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Debus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Seidensaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Semi","family":"Harrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000143330.30405.AA","article-title":"Radiotherapeutic factors in the management of cervical-basal chordomas and chondrosarcomas","volume":"55","author":"Noel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa067","article-title":"Proton and carbon ion radiotherapy in skull base chordomas: A prospective study based on a dual particle and a patient-customized treatment strategy","volume":"22","author":"Iannalfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31298","article-title":"High control rates of proton- and carbon-ion-beam treatment with intensity-modulated active raster scanning in 101 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Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/4\/718\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:57:22Z","timestamp":1760104642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/4\/718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers16040718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16040718","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]}}}