{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:30:17Z","timestamp":1773883817075,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Celgene\/Bristol Myers Squibb","award":["U54 DK106829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 DK106829"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIDDK Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology","award":["U54 DK106829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 DK106829"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing efforts are focusing on natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapies for AML. Here, we characterized CC-96191, a novel CD33\/CD16a\/NKG2D immune-modulating TriNKET\u00ae. CC-96191 simultaneously binds CD33, NKG2D, and CD16a, with NKG2D and CD16a co-engagement increasing the avidity for, and activation of, NK cells. CC-96191 was broadly active against human leukemia cells in a strictly CD33-dependent manner, with maximal efficacy requiring the co-engagement of CD16a and NKG2D. A frequent CD33 single nucleotide polymorphism, R69G, reduced CC-96191 potency but not maximal activity, likely because of reduced CD33 binding. Similarly, the potency, but not the maximal activity, of CC-96191 was reduced by high concentrations of soluble CD33; in contrast, the soluble form of the NKG2D ligand MICA did not impact activity. In the presence of CD33+ AML cells, CC-96191 activated NK cells but not T cells; while maximum anti-AML efficacy was similar, soluble cytokine levels were 10- to &gt;100-fold lower than with a CD33\/CD3 bispecific antibody. While CC-96191-mediated cytolysis was not affected by ABC transporter proteins, it was reduced by anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. Finally, in patient marrow specimens, CC-96191 eliminated AML cells but not normal monocytes, suggesting selectivity of TriNKET-induced cytotoxicity toward neoplastic cells. Together, these findings support the clinical exploration of CC-96191 as in NCT04789655.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T06:07:39Z","timestamp":1708668459000},"page":"877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Preclinical Characterization of the Anti-Leukemia Activity of the CD33\/CD16a\/NKG2D Immune-Modulating TriNKET\u00ae CC-96191"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0527-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Lunn-Halbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George S.","family":"Laszlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Erraiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Oncology Cellular Therapy Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi K.","family":"Jessup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Oncology Cellular Therapy Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Oncology Cellular Therapy Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahan A.","family":"Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann F.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanmay","family":"Dichwalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asya","family":"Grinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Arbol\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS\/CSIC\/CIBERONC), University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2606-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheryl Y. T.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allie R.","family":"Kehret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances M.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5905-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel C.","family":"Scharffenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease (M3D) Ph.D. Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland B.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00509-w","article-title":"Towards precision medicine for AML","volume":"18","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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