{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:07:24Z","timestamp":1787954844757,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007707","name":"Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PB-0162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PB-0162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sinonasal cancers (SNCs) are rare malignancies associated with occupational exposures. The aim of this study was to analyse the survival of SNC patients using data from the population-based SNC registry of the Lombardy region (10 million people), Italy. We included epithelial SNC cases registered in 2008\u20132020 and followed-up for vital status until 31 July 2023. Multivariate flexible parametric models with time-dependent covariates were fitted to calculate excess hazard ratios (EHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death. Based on 827 cases (553 males, 274 females) and 514 deaths (345 males, 169 females), the 5-year observed survival was 49% and the net survival was 57%. Age had a substantial impact on survival, particularly within the first year (EHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12\u20131.51 per 10 years). Compared with the nasal cavity, the EHR for paranasal sinuses was 4.70 (95% CI, 2.96\u20137.47) soon after diagnosis. Compared with squamous cell carcinomas, the EHR was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.52\u20130.91) for adenocarcinomas, 1.68 (95% CI, 1.20\u20132.35) for undifferentiated and unspecified carcinomas, and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.07\u20132.95) for neuroendocrine carcinomas. Age and cancer site showed time-dependent effects on prognosis, especially within the first month after diagnosis. Prognosis was also markedly affected by cancer morphology. No associations were found for gender and period of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:33:56Z","timestamp":1708673636000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Survival of Patients with Sinonasal Cancers in a Population-Based Registry, Lombardy, Italy, 2008\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-3843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Consonni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerina","family":"Denaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Binazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Dallari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Rugarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Borello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Prevenzione e Sicurezza, ATS Milano Citt\u00e0 Metropolitana, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzo","family":"Coviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly at Epidemiology Service, Local Health Unit, 76123 Barletta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9075-3684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Mensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2021.05.006","article-title":"Cancer of the paranasal sinuses","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9485-8_17","article-title":"The burden of rare cancers in Europe","volume":"686","author":"Gatta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21830","article-title":"Incidence and survival in patients with sinonasal cancer: A historical analysis of population-based data","volume":"34","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1390251","article-title":"Incidence and survival in sinonasal carcinoma: A Danish population-based, nationwide study from 1980 to 2014","volume":"57","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25465","article-title":"Sinonasal malignancies: A population-based analysis of site-specific incidence and survival","volume":"125","author":"Dutta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25374","article-title":"Sinonasal cancer in The Netherlands: Follow-up of a population-based study 1989\u20132014 and incidence of occupation-related adenocarcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Kuijpens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22789","article-title":"Sinonasal cancer in the Italian national surveillance system: Epidemiology, occupation, and public health implications","volume":"61","author":"Binazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-023-00627-8","article-title":"Sinonasal malignancies: Histopathological entities, regional involvement and long-term outcome","volume":"52","author":"Anschuetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2021.10.005","article-title":"Sinonasal adenocarcinomas: Retrospective analysis from an oncology center","volume":"74","author":"Lombo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qedair, J., Haider, A.S., Balasubramanian, K., Palmisciano, P., Hassan, T., Shahbandi, A., Sabahi, M., Kharbat, A.F., Abou-Al-Shaar, H., and Yu, K. (2023). Orbital exenteration for craniofacial lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient characteristics and survival outcomes. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174285"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199907)36:1<101::AID-AJIM14>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Sinonasal cancer, occupation, and tobacco smoking in European women and men","volume":"36","author":"Kogevinas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2023, November 21). List of Classifications by Cancer Sites with Sufficient or Limited Evidence in Humans, Available online: https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/list-of-classifications."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binazzi, A., Mensi, C., Miligi, L., Di Marzio, D., Zajacova, J., Galli, P., Camagni, A., Calisti, R., Balestri, A., and Murano, S. (2021). Exposures to IARC carcinogenic agents in work settings not traditionally associated with sinonasal cancer risk: The experience of the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312593"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672621","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/672621","article-title":"Sinonasal cancer and occupational exposure in a population-based registry","volume":"2013","author":"Mensi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"El-Naggar, A.K., Chan, J.K.C., Grandis, J.R., Takata, T., and Slootweg, P.J. (2017). WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, IARC WHO Classification of Tumors. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Royston, P., and Lambert, P.C. (2011). Flexible Parametric Survival Analysis Using Stata: Beyond the Cox Model, Stata Press."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, ISTAT (2023, November 21). Mortality Tables of Resident Population, Available online: https:\/\/demo.istat.it\/app\/?i=TVM&l=it."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1601600410","article-title":"Strcs: A command for fitting flexible parametric survival models on the log-hazard scale","volume":"16","author":"Bower","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"StataCorp (Stata 18. Statistical Software, 2023). Stata 18. Statistical Software, version 18."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp392","article-title":"Measuring cancer survival in populations: Relative survival vs cancer-specific survival","volume":"39","author":"Sarfati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.05.010","article-title":"The MUSES\u2217: A prognostic study on 1360 patients with sinonasal cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery-based treatment: \u2217MUlti-institutional collaborative Study on Endoscopically treated Sinonasal cancers","volume":"171","author":"Ferrari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.97","article-title":"Sinonasal carcinoma: Clinical, pathological, genetic and therapeutic advances","volume":"11","author":"Llorente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.10.008","article-title":"Outcome by treatment modality in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC): A case-series, systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Morand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-023-01548-8","article-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 North American Society of Head and Neck Pathology Companion Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 12, 2023: Navigating New Developments in High Grade Sinonasal Neuroendocrine and Neuroectodermal Neoplasms","volume":"17","author":"Rooper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binazzi, A., Ferrante, P., and Marinaccio, A. (2015). Occupational exposure and sinonasal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1042-2"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S30684","article-title":"Occupational exposure to wood dust and formaldehyde and risk of nasal, nasopharyngeal, and lung cancer among Finnish men","volume":"4","author":"Siew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.041277","article-title":"A case-control study on occupational risk factors for sino-nasal cancer","volume":"66","author":"Pasian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/5\/896\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:03:39Z","timestamp":1760105019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/5\/896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers16050896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16050896","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]}}}