{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:04Z","timestamp":1787027764283,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymomas (THs) are a unique group of heterogeneous tumors of the thymic epithelium. In particular, the subtypes B2 and B3 tend to be aggressive and metastatic. Radical tumor resection remains the only curative option for localized tumors, while more advanced THs require multimodal treatment. Deep sequencing analyses have failed to identify known oncogenic driver mutations in TH, with the notable exception of the GTF2I mutation, which occurs predominantly in type A and AB THs. However, there are multiple alternative non-mutational mechanisms (e.g., perturbed thymic developmental programs, metabolism, non-coding RNA networks) that control cellular behavior and tumorigenesis through the deregulation of critical molecular pathways. Here, we attempted to show how the results of studies investigating such alternative mechanisms could be integrated into a current model of TH biology. This model could be used to focus ongoing research and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T11:31:21Z","timestamp":1708947081000},"page":"942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non-Mutational Key Features in the Biology of Thymomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"K\u00fcffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, University of G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6231-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, University of G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, University of G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8528-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Str\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, University of G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1017","article-title":"Mature, long-lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are generated by the thymoma in myasthenia gravis","volume":"50","author":"Buckley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. 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