{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:44:12Z","timestamp":1791909852231,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry","award":["SAF2016-77103-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016-77103-P"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry","award":["Proyectos Puente 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Proyectos Puente 2020"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry","award":["APG\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APG\/12"]}]},{"name":"University of Cantabria","award":["SAF2016-77103-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016-77103-P"]}]},{"name":"University of Cantabria","award":["Proyectos Puente 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Proyectos Puente 2020"]}]},{"name":"University of Cantabria","award":["APG\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APG\/12"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)","award":["SAF2016-77103-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016-77103-P"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)","award":["Proyectos Puente 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Proyectos Puente 2020"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)","award":["APG\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APG\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell-biological program that occurs during the progression of several physiological processes and that can also take place during pathological situations such as carcinogenesis. The EMT program consists of the sequential activation of a number of intracellular signaling pathways aimed at driving epithelial cells toward the acquisition of a series of intermediate phenotypic states arrayed along the epithelial\u2013mesenchymal axis. These phenotypic features include changes in the motility, conformation, polarity and functionality of cancer cells, ultimately leading cells to stemness, increased invasiveness, chemo- and radioresistance and the formation of cancer metastasis. Amongst the different existing types of the EMT, type 3 is directly involved in carcinogenesis. A type 3 EMT occurs in neoplastic cells that have previously acquired genetic and epigenetic alterations, specifically affecting genes involved in promoting clonal outgrowth and invasion. Markers such as E-cadherin; N-cadherin; vimentin; and transcription factors (TFs) like Twist, Snail and ZEB are considered key molecules in the transition. The EMT process is also regulated by microRNA expression. Many miRNAs have been reported to repress EMT-TFs. Thus, Snail 1 is repressed by miR-29, miR-30a and miR-34a; miR-200b downregulates Slug; and ZEB1 and ZEB2 are repressed by miR-200 and miR-205, respectively. Occasionally, some microRNA target genes act downstream of the EMT master TFs; thus, Twist1 upregulates the levels of miR-10b. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone released mainly by the pineal gland. It is widely accepted that melatonin exerts oncostatic actions in a large variety of tumors, inhibiting the initiation, progression and invasion phases of tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory actions are complex and involve a great number of processes. In this review, we will focus our attention on the ability of melatonin to regulate some key EMT-related markers, transcription factors and micro-RNAs, summarizing the multiple ways by which this hormone can regulate the EMT. Since melatonin has no known toxic side effects and is also known to help overcome drug resistance, it is a good candidate to be considered as an adjuvant drug to conventional cancer therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:56:02Z","timestamp":1709106962000},"page":"956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Melatonin and Its Role in the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Campa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Alonso-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-1770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Cos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reiter, R.J., Rosales-Corral, S.A., Tan, D.-X., Acu\u00f1a-Castroviejo, D., Qin, L., Yang, S.-F., and Xu, K. 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