{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:29:40Z","timestamp":1790706580721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Irish Cancer Society Biomedical Postgraduate Scholarship","award":["CRS19SHE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRS19SHE"]}]},{"name":"Irish Cancer Society Biomedical Postgraduate Scholarship","award":["204844\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204844\/Z\/16\/Z"]}]},{"name":"University College Dublin","award":["CRS19SHE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRS19SHE"]}]},{"name":"University College Dublin","award":["204844\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204844\/Z\/16\/Z"]}]},{"name":"UCD EQUIP","award":["CRS19SHE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRS19SHE"]}]},{"name":"UCD EQUIP","award":["204844\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204844\/Z\/16\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy caused by uncontrolled growth of plasma cells. MM pathogenesis is attributed to crosstalk between plasma cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role. In this study, EVs secreted from a panel of MM cell lines were isolated from conditioned media by ultracentrifugation and fluorescently stained EVs were co-cultured with THP-1 monocyte cells. MM EVs from three cell lines displayed a differential yet dose-dependent uptake by THP-1 cells, with H929 EVs displaying the greatest EV uptake compared to MM.1s and U266 EVs suggesting that uptake efficiency is dependent on the cell line of origin. Furthermore, MM EVs increased the secretion of MMP-9 and IL-6 from monocytes, with H929 EVs inducing the greatest effect, consistent with the greatest uptake efficiency. Moreover, monocyte-conditioned media collected following H929 EV uptake significantly increased the migration and proliferation of MM cells. Finally, EV proteome analysis revealed differential cargo enrichment that correlates with disease progression including a significant enrichment of spliceosome-related proteins in H929 EVs compared to the U266 and MM.1s EVs. Overall, this study demonstrates that MM-derived EVs modulate monocyte function to promote tumour growth and metastasis and reveals possible molecular mechanisms involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16051011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:31:23Z","timestamp":1709263883000},"page":"1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Multiple Myeloma Derived Extracellular Vesicle Uptake by Monocyte Cells Stimulates IL-6 and MMP-9 Secretion and Promotes Cancer Cell Migration and Proliferation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3520-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kieran","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0934-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despina","family":"Bazou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"O\u2019Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2360-3141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Matallanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6589-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Mc Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.097907","article-title":"Understanding the multiple biological aspects leading to myeloma","volume":"99","author":"Boyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e412","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183475","article-title":"Dramatically improved survival in multiple myeloma patients in the recent decade: Results from a Swedish population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Thorsteinsdottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386469-7.00002-5","article-title":"The microenvironment and molecular biology of the multiple myeloma tumor","volume":"110","author":"Lemaire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. 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