{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:59:58Z","timestamp":1788836398674,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH NIGMS","award":["T32 GM142520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM142520"]}]},{"name":"intramural program of the NCI","award":["T32 GM142520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM142520"]}]},{"name":"Nathan\u2019s Cancer Slayers","award":["T32 GM142520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM142520"]}]},{"name":"Alex\u2019s Lemonade Stand Foundation","award":["T32 GM142520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM142520"]}]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Cancer Foundation","award":["T32 GM142520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM142520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since their 1986 discovery in Drosophila, Paired box (PAX) genes have been shown to play major roles in the early development of the eye, muscle, skeleton, kidney, and other organs. Consistent with their roles as master regulators of tissue formation, the PAX family members are evolutionarily conserved, regulate large transcriptional networks, and in turn can be regulated by a variety of mechanisms. Losses or mutations in these genes can result in developmental disorders or cancers. The precise mechanisms by which PAX genes control disease pathogenesis are well understood in some cases, but much remains to be explored. A deeper understanding of the biology of these genes, therefore, has the potential to aid in the improvement of disease diagnosis and the development of new treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16051022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:31:23Z","timestamp":1709263883000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The PAX Genes: Roles in Development, Cancer, and Other Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6690-0335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taryn","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic G.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2033-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aykut","family":"\u00dcren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/321493a0","article-title":"Isolation of the paired gene of Drosophila and its spatial expression during early embryogenesis","volume":"321","author":"Kilchherr","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90370-2","article-title":"A homologous protein-coding sequence in drosophila homeotic genes and its conservation in other metazoans","volume":"37","author":"McGinnis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90577-6","article-title":"Pax 1, a member of a paired box homologous murine gene family, is expressed in segmented structures during development","volume":"53","author":"Deutsch","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03490.x","article-title":"Conservation of the paired domain in metazoans and its structure in three isolated human genes","volume":"8","author":"Burri","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.08.014","article-title":"Origins and evolvability of the PAX family","volume":"44","author":"Salzano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. 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