{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:40:02Z","timestamp":1788471602979,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The reports of studies that compare the survival of adolescents and young adults with younger children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are contradictory. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 220 AML patients aged 0\u201318 years treated in pediatric oncologic centers in Poland from 2015 to 2022. The evaluated group included 31 infants (below 1 year), 91 younger children (1\u20139.9 years), 59 older children (10\u201314.9 years), and 39 adolescents (15\u201318 years). Results: A 5-year overall survival for adolescents was not significantly inferior compared to younger and older children (74.3 \u00b1 7.6% vs. 80.5 \u00b1 4.4% vs. 77.9 \u00b1 5.1, p = 0.243). However, relapse-free survival was lower in adolescents compared to younger children (76.5 \u00b1 7.8% vs. 65.7 \u00b1 9.0%, p = 0.049), and treatment-related mortality tended to be higher (10.3% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.569). In the univariate analysis, high-risk genetics [HR, 2.0 (95% CI 1.1\u20133.6; p = 0.014)] and a leukocyte count at diagnosis above 100,000\/\u03bcL [HR, 2.4 (95% CI 1.3\u20134.6; p = 0.004)] were found to be unfavorable prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: Although we have not found that age over 15 years is an unfavorable factor for overall survival, the optimal approach to therapy in adolescents, as in other age groups, is to adjust the intensity of therapy to individual genetic risk and introduce targeted therapies when indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16061145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:43:30Z","timestamp":1710395010000},"page":"1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment Outcomes of Adolescents Compared to Younger Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Do They Need a Special Approach?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-7629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pawi\u0144ska-W\u0105sikowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1277-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Czoga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9181-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Bukowska-Strakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Surman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Rygielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Hematology Laboratory, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teofila","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Skalska-Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Samborska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Wachowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Ciebiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Clinical Province Hospital of Rzeszow, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Chaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Clinical Province Hospital of Rzeszow, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczepa\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Zielezi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Urasi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hemato-Oncology and Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Moj-Hackemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1174-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Ka\u0142wak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Koz\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninela","family":"Irga-Jaworska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Sikorska-Fic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"\u0141aguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Pediatric Hematology, Transplantology and Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Muszy\u0144ska-Ros\u0142an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryna","family":"Krawczuk-Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Fa\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Drabko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8916-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bobeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"M\u0142ynarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Choda\u0142a-Grzywacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Regional Polyclinic Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Karolczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Regional Polyclinic Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Mycko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Hematology and Oncology, Province Children\u2019s Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Badowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Hematology and Oncology, Province Children\u2019s Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Bartoszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3158-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Styczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Machnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, City Hospital, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mizia-Malarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Silesia, Upper Silesia Children\u2019s Care Health Centre, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walentyna","family":"Balwierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6867-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Skocze\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 30-663 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czoga\u0142a, M., Balwierz, W., Pawi\u0144ska-W\u0105sikowska, K., Ksi\u0105\u017cek, T., Bukowska-Strakova, K., Czoga\u0142a, W., Sikorska-Fic, B., Matysiak, M., Skalska-Sadowska, J., and Wachowiak, J. (2021). Advances in the First Line Treatment of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Polish Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Study Group from 1983 to 2019. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184536"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinhardt, D., Antoniou, E., and Waack, K. (2022). Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Past, Present, and Future. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030504"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-362608","article-title":"AML Committee of the International BFM Study Group. Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in children and adolescents: Recommendations from an international expert panel","volume":"120","author":"Creutzig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12865","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia in children: Current status and future directions","volume":"58","author":"Taga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2015.12.010","article-title":"Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)","volume":"16","author":"Pemmaraju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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