{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:26:14Z","timestamp":1792034774862,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), the choice of surgical strategy for histopathologic assessments is still controversial, particularly in terms of preoperative corticosteroid (CS) therapy. To provide further evidence for clinical decision-making, we retrospectively analyzed data from 148 consecutive patients who underwent surgery at our institution. Although patients treated with corticosteroids preoperatively were significantly more likely to require a second or third biopsy (p = 0.049), it was only necessary in less than 10% of the cases with preoperative (but discontinued) corticosteroid treatment. Surprisingly, diagnostic accuracy was significantly lower when patients were treated with anticoagulation or dual antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.015). Preoperative CSF sampling did not provide additional information but was associated with delayed surgery (p = 0.02). In conclusion, preoperative CS therapy can challenge the histological diagnosis of PCNSL. At the same time, our data suggest that preoperative CS treatment only presents a relative contraindication for early surgical intervention. If a definitive diagnosis cannot be made after the first surgical intervention, the timing of a repeat biopsy after the discontinuation of CS remains a case-by-case decision. The effect of anticoagulation and dual antiplatelet therapy on diagnostic accuracy might have been underestimated and should be examined closely in future investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16061157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T04:47:05Z","timestamp":1710478025000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Histopathological Diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma after Therapy with Corticosteroids or Anticoagulants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Feldheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Darkwah Oppong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7297-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas Alexander","family":"Feldheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurooncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8356-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramazan","family":"Jabbarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Uerschels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0054-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Gembruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Ahmadipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9262-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelius","family":"Deuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8063-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Junker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Sure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten Henning","family":"Wrede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, D-45131 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.8819","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Batchelor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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