{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T23:48:48Z","timestamp":1778888928204,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare plasma cell disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains in target organs, leading to multi-organ dysfunction. Treatment approaches have historically mirrored but lagged behind those of multiple myeloma (MM). Recent advancements in MM immunotherapy are gradually being evaluated and adopted in AL amyloidosis. This review explores the current state of immunotherapeutic strategies in AL amyloidosis, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody\u2013drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. We discuss the unique challenges and prospects of these therapies in AL amyloidosis, including the exposure of frail AL amyloidosis patients to immune-mediated toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector-cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), as well as their efficacy in promoting rapid and deep hematologic responses. Furthermore, we highlight the need for international initiatives and compassionate programs to provide access to these promising therapies and address critical unmet needs in AL amyloidosis management. Finally, we discuss future directions, including optimizing treatment sequencing and mitigating toxicities, to improve outcomes for AL amyloidosis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T06:10:18Z","timestamp":1713766218000},"page":"1605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune Therapies in AL Amyloidosis\u2014A Glimpse to the Future"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Arnon","family":"Haran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iuliana","family":"Vaxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9426-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moshe E.","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5493","article-title":"Systemic Amyloidosis Recognition, Prognosis, and Therapy: A Systematic Review","volume":"324","author":"Gertz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006913","article-title":"Management of AL Amyloidosis in 2020","volume":"136","author":"Palladini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008737","article-title":"How I Treat AL Amyloidosis","volume":"139","author":"Palladini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.28415","article-title":"Systemic AL Amyloidosis: Current Approach and Future Direction","volume":"14","author":"Nasr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009754","article-title":"Tumor Cells in Light-Chain Amyloidosis and Myeloma Show Distinct Transcriptional Rewiring of Normal Plasma Cell Development","volume":"138","author":"Alameda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012973","article-title":"Why Is Amyloidosis Not Multiple Myeloma?","volume":"138","author":"Corre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016002493","article-title":"Recent Trends in Multiple Myeloma Incidence and Survival by Age, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisfeld, C., Kaj\u00fcter, H., M\u00f6ller, L., Wellmann, I., Shumilov, E., and Stang, A. 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