{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:52:09Z","timestamp":1788295929803,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["\u00daNKP-22-3-I-PTE-1693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-22-3-I-PTE-1693"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Topical Imiquimod is an immune response modifier approved for the off-label use of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of Imiquimod in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients. Methods: The study was prospectively registered (CRD420222870) and involved a comprehensive systematic search of five medical databases on 10 October 2022. We included articles that assessed the use of Imiquimod in cervical dysplasia and HPV-positive patients. Pooled proportions, risk ratios (RRs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model to generate summary estimates. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 tested by the Cochran Q tests. Results: Eight articles reported on 398 patients who received Imiquimod out of 672 patients. Among CIN-2\u20133 patients, we observed a pooled regression rate of 61% (CI: 0.46\u20130.75; I2: 77%). When compared, Imiquimod was inferior to conization (RR: 0.62; CI: 0.42\u20130.92; I2: 64%). The HPV clearance rate in women who completed Imiquimod treatment was 60% (CI: 0.31\u20130.81; I2: 57%). The majority of side effects reported were mild to moderate in severity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that topical Imiquimod is safe and effective in reducing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and promoting HPV clearance. However, it was found to be inferior compared to conization. Imiquimod could be considered a potential medication for high-grade CIN patients and should be incorporated into guidelines for treating cervical dysplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1713779632000},"page":"1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Imiquimod Is Effective in Reducing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-6035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Hamar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitta","family":"Teutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Harnos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Nyir\u00e1dy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1824-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsombor","family":"Hunka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e1ndor","family":"\u00c1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"B\u00e1nhidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Melczer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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