{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:10:59Z","timestamp":1792023059723,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer (LC) is a serious health problem worldwide. Survival outcomes have improved over time due to the widespread use of novel therapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Endocrine immune-related adverse events (e-irAEs) are common in LC patients treated with ICIs. We performed a retrospective study of patients with LC who received treatment with ICIs at a tertiary referral center between January 2014 and October 2023. In total, 983 LC patients were included in the study. E-irAEs presented at a median time of 4.1 months and included hypothyroidism (15.6%), hyperthyroidism (4.3%), adrenal insufficiency (0.4%), hypophysitis (0.4%), and diabetes mellitus (0.2%). These toxicities were not related to the duration of treatment or the type of ICIs. Most (97.6%) e-irAEs were mild (grade 1\u20132). Median overall survival (OS) was higher in LC patients who experienced e-irAEs (31.6 months) compared to those who did not (10.8 months). The difference remained statistically significant in the 3-month (HR: 0.42) and 6-month landmark analysis (HR: 0.51). The OS advantage was observed in both patients with NSCLC (HR: 0.36) and SCLC (HR: 0.27). Additional research is needed to validate the role of e-irAEs as an independent predictor of survival outcomes in patients with LC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16091764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T08:59:39Z","timestamp":1714553979000},"page":"1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endocrine Immune-Related Adverse Events Are Independent Predictors of Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Panagiotou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Ntouraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1772-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis A.","family":"Vathiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Effrosyni","family":"Livanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Trimis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1858-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Evangelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5107-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriani","family":"Charpidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Syrigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melpomeni","family":"Peppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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