{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:51:47Z","timestamp":1792266707686,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) is a highly curable disease, but around 20% of patients experience progression or relapse after standard frontline chemotherapy regimens. Salvage regimens followed by autologous stem cell transplants represent the historical treatment approach for these cases. In the last decade, with the increasing understanding of cHL biology and tumor microenvironment role in disease course, novel molecules have been introduced in clinical practice, improving outcomes in the relapsed\/refractory setting. The anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugated brentuximab vedotin and PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors represent nowadays curative options for chemorefractory patients, and randomized trials recently demonstrated their efficacy in frontline immune-chemo-combined modalities. Several drugs able to modulate the patients\u2019 T-lymphocytes and NK cell activity are under development, as well as many anti-CD30 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell products. Multiple tumor aberrant epigenetic mechanisms are being investigated as targets for antineoplastic compounds such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and hypomethylating agents. Moreover, JAK2 inhibition combined with anti-PD1 blockade revealed a potential complementary therapeutic pathway in cHL. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on cHL biology and novel treatment options clinically available, as well as promising future perspectives in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16101830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T08:33:03Z","timestamp":1715589183000},"page":"1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Advances in Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Corrado","family":"Benevolo Savelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Legato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5591-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Santambrogio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura","family":"Nicolosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Morra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Boccomini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Freilone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Botto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5127-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, March 18). Hodgkin Lymphoma\u2014Cancer Stat Facts, Available online: https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/hodg.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.8683","article-title":"ABVD or BEACOPP for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Engert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197507)36:1<252::AID-CNCR2820360128>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy of hodgkin\u2019s disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus mopp","volume":"36","author":"Bonadonna","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc1186","article-title":"Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Past, Present, and Future","volume":"5","author":"Evens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation.V2012.1.328.3798326","article-title":"New Insights in the Biology of Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2016.05.007","article-title":"Hodgkin Lymphoma: Pathology and Biology","volume":"53","author":"Mathas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPW3UN9DYLDSPB","article-title":"Flow Cytometry Can Diagnose Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in Lymph Nodes with High Sensitivity and Specificity","volume":"131","author":"Fromm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.2.618","article-title":"Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 Is Frequently Activated in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells of Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"99","author":"Skinnider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3303","article-title":"Early Response to First-Line Anti-PD-1 Treatment in Hodgkin Lymphoma: A PET-Based Analysis from the Prospective, Randomized Phase II NIVAHL Trial","volume":"27","author":"Voltin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.85","article-title":"Understanding CD30 Biology and Therapeutic Targeting: A Historical Perspective Providing Insight into Future Directions","volume":"7","author":"Pileri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.1.1.bloodjournal8511","article-title":"CD30 (Ki-1) Molecule: A New Cytokine Receptor of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily as a Tool for Diagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"85","author":"Falini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V66.4.848.848","article-title":"The Expression of the Hodgkin\u2019s Disease Associated Antigen Ki-1 in Reactive and Neoplastic Lymphoid Tissue: Evidence That Reed-Sternberg Cells and Histiocytic Malignancies Are Derived from Activated Lymphoid Cells","volume":"66","author":"Stein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3507","article-title":"MEK\/ERK Pathway Is Aberrantly Active in Hodgkin Disease: A Signaling Pathway Shared by CD30, CD40, and RANK That Regulates Cell Proliferation and Survival","volume":"102","author":"Zheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.13.4307","article-title":"Differential Effects of CD30 Activation in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Hodgkin Disease Cells","volume":"96","author":"Mir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-013-0068-8","article-title":"CD30 as a Therapeutic Target for Lymphoma","volume":"28","author":"Schirrmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.01.015","article-title":"Emerging Immunotherapies Targeting CD30 in Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"79","author":"Gerber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2711","article-title":"The Classical Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma Microenvironment and Its Role in Promoting Tumour Growth and Immune Escape","volume":"221","author":"Aldinucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21392","article-title":"Flow Cytometry Analysis of Receptor Internalization\/Shedding","volume":"92","author":"Rigo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytom. B Clin. Cytom."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1002965","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) for Relapsed CD30-Positive Lymphomas","volume":"363","author":"Younes","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0410","article-title":"Results of a Pivotal Phase II Study of Brentuximab Vedotin for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Younes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Adcetris (2024, March 18). European Medicines Agency. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/adcetris."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2024, March 18). Drug Approval Package: ADCETRIS (Brentuximab Vedotin) NDA #125399, Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2011\/125399_adcetris_toc.cfm."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.8800","article-title":"Recommendations for Initial Evaluation, Staging, and Response Assessment of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Lugano Classification","volume":"32","author":"Cheson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2166","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin Administered to Platinum-Refractory, Transplant-Na\u00efve Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Can Increase the Proportion Achieving FDG PET Negative Status","volume":"33","author":"Onishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0227","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin in Transplant-Na\u00efve Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: Experience in 30 Patients","volume":"20","author":"Zinzani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-861641","article-title":"Five-Year PFS from the AETHERA Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin for Hodgkin Lymphoma at High Risk of Progression or Relapse","volume":"132","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6379","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-418673","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin Enables Successful Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0420","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma and a Failed Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results From a Named Patient Program at Four Italian Centers","volume":"20","author":"Ricci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-11-815183","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin plus Bendamustine: A Highly Active First Salvage Regimen for Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"132","author":"LaCasce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30912-9","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin plus Bendamustine in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma: An International, Multicentre, Single-Arm, Phase 1\u20132 Trial","volume":"19","author":"Lue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-019-0265-x","article-title":"First Salvage Treatment with Bendamustine and Brentuximab Vedotin in Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Phase 2 Study of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi","volume":"9","author":"Broccoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611","article-title":"The B7 Family Revisited","volume":"23","author":"Greenwald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2326","article-title":"Inhibitory B7-Family Molecules in the Tumour Microenvironment","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2017.06.011","article-title":"Structural Biology of the Immune Checkpoint Receptor PD-1 and Its Ligands PD-L1\/PD-L2","volume":"25","author":"Zak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00561","article-title":"PD-1 and PD-L1 Checkpoint Signaling Inhibition for Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Combinations, and Clinical Outcome","volume":"8","author":"Alsaab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1038\/70932","article-title":"B7-H1, a Third Member of the B7 Family, Co-Stimulates T-Cell Proliferation and Interleukin-10 Secretion","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","article-title":"PD-1 and Its Ligands in Tolerance and Immunity","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.2.945","article-title":"SHP-1 and SHP-2 Associate with Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Switch Motif of Programmed Death 1 upon Primary Human T Cell Stimulation, but Only Receptor Ligation Prevents T Cell Activation","volume":"173","author":"Chemnitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112741","article-title":"Programmed Cell Death 1 Forms Negative Costimulatory Microclusters That Directly Inhibit T Cell Receptor Signaling by Recruiting Phosphatase SHP2","volume":"209","author":"Yokosuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-770719","article-title":"Topological Analysis Reveals a PD-L1-Associated Microenvironmental Niche for Reed-Sternberg Cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"130","author":"Carey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Opdivo (2024, March 18). European Medicines Agency. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/opdivo."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Nivolumab (Opdivo) for Hodgkin Lymphoma (2024, March 19). FDA, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/nivolumab-opdivo-hodgkin-lymphoma."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087","article-title":"PD-1 Blockade with Nivolumab in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"372","author":"Ansell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30167-X","article-title":"Nivolumab for Classical Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma after Failure of Both Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation and Brentuximab Vedotin: A Multicentre, Multicohort, Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial","volume":"17","author":"Younes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6266","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010334","article-title":"Nivolumab for Relapsed\/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: 5-Year Survival from the Pivotal Phase 2 CheckMate 205 Study","volume":"7","author":"Ansell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"2075","article-title":"Nivolumab and Brentuximab Vedotin with or without Bendamustine for R\/R Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults","volume":"141","author":"Leblanc","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Keytruda (2024, March 18). European Medicines Agency. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/keytruda."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"FDA Extends Approval of Pembrolizumab for Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (2024, March 19). FDA, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-extends-approval-pembrolizumab-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.3467","article-title":"Programmed Death-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma after Brentuximab Vedotin Failure","volume":"34","author":"Armand","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.1316","article-title":"Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab for Relapsed\/Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000324","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: 2-Year Follow-up of KEYNOTE-087","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-749556","article-title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of Nivolumab after Allogeneic Transplantation for Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"129","author":"Herbaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(18)30192-3","article-title":"Safety and Activity of Sintilimab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (ORIENT-1): A Multicentre, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0545-2","article-title":"Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma with the Anti-PD-1, Tislelizumab: Results of a Phase 2, Single-Arm, Multicenter Study","volume":"34","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.07.021","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of GLS-010 (Zimberelimab) in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase II Study","volume":"164","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004511","article-title":"Avelumab in Relapsed\/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Phase 1b Results from the JAVELIN Hodgkins Trial","volume":"5","author":"Herrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25154","article-title":"Efficacy of Chemotherapy or Chemo-Anti-PD-1 Combination after Failed Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Series from Lysa Centers","volume":"93","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620719846451","article-title":"Immune Targeting of the Microenvironment in Classical Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma: Insights for the Hematologist","volume":"10","author":"Carreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7830","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3262","article-title":"Effectiveness of Chemotherapy after Anti-PD-1 Blockade Failure for Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Casadei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2024, March 21). ADCETRIS\u00ae (Brentuximab Vedotin)\u2014Seagen. Available online: https:\/\/www.seagen.com\/medicines\/adcetris."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e410","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00102-2","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with Chemotherapy for Stage III or IV Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (ECHELON-1): 5-Year Update of an International, Open-Label, Randomised, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"8","author":"Straus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2435","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin plus Chemotherapy in North American Subjects with Newly Diagnosed Stage III or IV Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Ramchandren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1530","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Exposure-Response Assessment for the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Brentuximab Vedotin in Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma in the Phase III ECHELON-1 Study","volume":"106","author":"Suri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12035","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-156400","article-title":"Real-World Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Frontline Brentuximab Vedotin Plus Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"140","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206125","article-title":"Overall Survival with Brentuximab Vedotin in Stage III or IV Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Ansell","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01281","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin Plus AVD for First-Line Treatment of Early-Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma (BREACH): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Phase II Trial","volume":"41","author":"Fornecker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008420","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin plus Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine in Nonbulky Limited-Stage Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Abramson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00108","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin Combined with Chemotherapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Early-Stage, Unfavorable-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001729","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with AVD Shows Safety, in the Absence of Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors, in Newly Diagnosed HIV-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"32","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e624","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00157-6","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with AVD for Stage II-IV HIV-Related Hodgkin Lymphoma (AMC 085): Phase 2 Results from an Open-Label, Single Arm, Multicentre Phase 1\/2 Trial","volume":"10","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17073","article-title":"Results of a UK National Cancer Research Institute Phase II Study of Brentuximab Vedotin Using a Response-Adapted Design in the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Unsuitable for Chemotherapy Due to Age, Frailty or Comorbidity (BREVITY)","volume":"193","author":"Gibb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-06-644336","article-title":"Phase 2 Study of Frontline Brentuximab Vedotin Monotherapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Aged 60 Years and Older","volume":"126","author":"Holkova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-156567","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin in Frontline Therapy of Hodgkin Lymphoma in Patients with Significant Comorbidities Ineligible for Standard Chemotherapy (SGN35-015 Part E)","volume":"140","author":"Yasenchak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.79.0139","article-title":"Multicenter Phase II Study of Sequential Brentuximab Vedotin and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Chemotherapy for Older Patients With Untreated Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Evens","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-787200","article-title":"Frontline Brentuximab Vedotin in Combination with Dacarbazine or Bendamustine in Patients Aged \u2265 60 Years with HL","volume":"130","author":"Friedberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.278438","article-title":"Older Patients (Aged \u2265 60 Years) with Previously Untreated Advanced-Stage Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Detailed Analysis from the Phase III ECHELON-1 Study","volume":"107","author":"Evens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30696-4","article-title":"Incorporation of Brentuximab Vedotin into First-Line Treatment of Advanced Classical Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma: Final Analysis of a Phase 2 Randomised Trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Eichenauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.3196_LBA5","article-title":"Brecadd is non-inferior to ebeacopp in patients with advanced stage classical hodgkin lymphoma: Efficacy results of the GHSG Phase III HD21 trial","volume":"41","author":"Borchmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0750","article-title":"Efficacy of Nivolumab and AVD in Early-Stage Unfavorable Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Randomized Phase 2 German Hodgkin Study Group NIVAHL Trial","volume":"6","author":"Goergen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02355","article-title":"Nivolumab and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine in Early-Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the Randomized German Hodgkin Study Group Phase II NIVAHL Trial","volume":"41","author":"Meissner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00315","article-title":"Nivolumab for Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Safety and Efficacy in the Phase II CheckMate 205 Study","volume":"37","author":"Ramchandren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-180114","article-title":"Nivolumab-AVD Is Better Tolerated and Improves Progression-Free Survival Compared to Bv-AVD in Older Patients (Aged \u2265 60 Years) with Advanced Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma Enrolled on SWOG S1826","volume":"142","author":"Rutherford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007400","article-title":"Pembrolizumab Followed by AVD in Untreated Early Unfavorable and Advanced-Stage Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"137","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008116","article-title":"Sequential Pembrolizumab and AVD Are Highly Effective at Any PD-L1 Expression Level in Untreated Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"2576","article-title":"Concurrent Pembrolizumab with AVD for Untreated Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"141","author":"Lynch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e808","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30275-1","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin plus Nivolumab as First-Line Therapy in Older or Chemotherapy-Ineligible Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (ACCRU): A Multicentre, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial","volume":"7","author":"Cheson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022019536","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin with Dacarbazine or Nivolumab as Frontline CHL Therapy for Older Patients Ineligible for Chemotherapy","volume":"143","author":"Friedberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-159258","article-title":"Frontline PET-Directed Therapy with Brentuximab Vedotin Plus AVD Followed By Nivolumab Consolidation in Patients with Limited Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"140","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-172574","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin, Nivolumab, Doxorubicin, and Dacarbazine (AN+AD) for Early-Stage Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (SGN35-027 Part C)","volume":"142","author":"Abramson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-173972","article-title":"Brentuximab Vedotin, Nivolumab, Doxorubicin, and Dacarbazine for Advanced Stage Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Efficacy and Safety Results from the Single Arm Phase 2 Study","volume":"142","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14770","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Anti-CD25 Directed Therapies as Both Immune Modulators and Targeted Agents in Cancer","volume":"179","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3687","article-title":"T Regulatory Cells: Key Players in Tumor Immune Escape and Angiogenesis","volume":"72","author":"Facciabene","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000860","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000860","article-title":"CD25-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Depletes Regulatory T Cells and Eliminates Established Syngeneic Tumors via Antitumor Immunity","volume":"8","author":"Zammarchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9306","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157748","article-title":"CD25, Soluble CD25, and CCL17 As Potential Predictors of Clinical Response to Camidanlumab Tesirine in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"140","author":"Dyczkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e433","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00103-4","article-title":"Camidanlumab Tesirine in Relapsed\/Refractory Lymphoma: A Phase 1, Multicenter, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation, Dose-Expansion Study","volume":"8","author":"Hamadani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-157583","article-title":"Exploratory Analysis of Factors Influencing Efficacy and Safety of Camidanlumab Tesirine: Data from the Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 2 Study of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (R\/R CHL)","volume":"140","author":"Herrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000843696.37630.1c","article-title":"S201: Camidanlumab tesirine: Updated efficacy and safety in an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 study of patients with relapsed or refractory classical hodgkin lymphoma (R\/R CHL)","volume":"6","author":"Ansell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e890","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18983","article-title":"Development of Recalcitrant Cutaneous Eruptions in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma Undergoing Treatment with Camidanlumab Tesirine","volume":"37","author":"Himed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-137004","article-title":"Combination of Camidanlumab Tesirine, a CD25-Targeted ADC, with Gemcitabine Elicits Synergistic Anti-Tumor Activity in Preclinical Tumor Models","volume":"136","author":"Jabeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101184","article-title":"Anti-TIGIT Therapies for Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Rousseau","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1002\/mog2.18","article-title":"The Landscape of TIGIT Target and Clinical Application in Diseases","volume":"1","author":"Rui","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedComm Oncol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-151728","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Vibostolimab and Pembrolizumab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies: A Multicohort, Open-Label, Phase 2 Study","volume":"138","author":"Yusuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01569-z","article-title":"LAG-3 as the Third Checkpoint Inhibitor","volume":"24","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23236","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301018R","article-title":"Advancement of Anti-LAG-3 in Cancer Therapy","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4440","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-182019","article-title":"Favezelimab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Heavily Pretreated Anti-PD-1-Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Updated Analysis of an Open-Label Phase 1\/2 Study","volume":"142","author":"Timmerman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-182128","article-title":"Favezelimab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Anti-PD-1-Naive Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Updated Analysis of an Open-Label Phase 1\/2 Study","volume":"142","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-182119","article-title":"Open-Label, Randomized, Phase 3 Study of Coformulated Favezelimab and Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Refractory to Anti-PD-1 Therapy: Keyform-008","volume":"142","author":"Lavie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.05.046","article-title":"CD47 Is Upregulated on Circulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Cells to Avoid Phagocytosis","volume":"138","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.044","article-title":"Anti-CD47 Antibody Synergizes with Rituximab to Promote Phagocytosis and Eradicate Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"142","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02171-2","article-title":"Expression of CD47 Antigen in Reed-Sternberg Cells as a New Potential Biomarker for Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"22","author":"Villegas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905680","article-title":"Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Survival in Classic Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"362","author":"Steidl","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-421057","article-title":"Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predict Inferior Outcomes in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Correlative Study from the E2496 Intergroup Trial","volume":"120","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02604","article-title":"Tolerability and Efficacy of the Anticluster of Differentiation 47 Antibody Magrolimab Combined with Azacitidine in Patients with Previously Untreated AML: Phase Ib Results","volume":"41","author":"Daver","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01794","article-title":"Magrolimab in Combination with Azacitidine in Patients with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Final Results of a Phase Ib Study","volume":"41","author":"Sallman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1807315","article-title":"CD47 Blockade by Hu5F9-G4 and Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"379","author":"Advani","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0164","article-title":"Combining AFM13, a Bispecific CD30\/CD16 Antibody, with Cytokine-Activated Blood and Cord Blood-Derived NK Cells Facilitates CAR-like Responses Against CD30+ Malignancies","volume":"27","author":"Kerbauy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0550","article-title":"CD16A Activation of NK Cells Promotes NK Cell Proliferation and Memory-Like Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells","volume":"6","author":"Pahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-174250","article-title":"AFM13 in Combination with Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells (AB-101) in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma and CD30 + Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase 2 Study (LuminICE)","volume":"142","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4024","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-614636","article-title":"A Phase 1 Study of the Bispecific Anti-CD30\/CD16A Antibody Construct AFM13 in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"125","author":"Rothe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2022.2095623","article-title":"AFM13 in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of an Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Trial","volume":"63","author":"Sasse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004701","article-title":"A Phase 1b Study of AFM13 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"136","author":"Bartlett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-15-0036","article-title":"CD30 Downregulation, MMAE Resistance, and MDR1 Upregulation Are All Associated with Resistance to Brentuximab Vedotin","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-150552","article-title":"Cryopreserved CAR-like NK Cells Pre-Complexed with the CD30\/CD16A Bispecific Innate Cell Engager (ICE\u00ae) AFM13 for the Treatment of CD30 + Malignancies","volume":"138","author":"Reusch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-172980","article-title":"Innate Cell Engager (ICE\u00ae) AFM13 Combined with Preactivated and Expanded (P+E) Cord Blood (CB)-Derived Natural Killer (NK) Cells for Patients with Refractory CD30-Positive Lymphomas: Final Results","volume":"142","author":"Nieto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, P.M.d.S., Sales, S.L.A., Pinheiro, D.P., Pontes, L.Q., Maranh\u00e3o, S.S., Pessoa, C.d.\u00d3., Furtado, G.P., and Furtado, C.L.M. (2023). Epigenetic Reprogramming in Cancer: From Diagnosis to Treatment. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1116805"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.194","article-title":"Array-Based DNA Methylation Analysis in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Reveals New Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Silencing of B Cell-Specific Genes","volume":"26","author":"Ammerpohl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2135","article-title":"Approval Summary: Azacitidine for Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Subtypes","volume":"11","author":"Kaminskas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of AML in Adults: 2022 Recommendations from an International Expert Panel on Behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08438.x","article-title":"Response to 5-Azacytidine in a Patient with Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma and a Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"154","author":"Leone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.011","article-title":"Inhibiting DNA Methylation Causes an Interferon Response in Cancer via DsRNA Including Endogenous Retroviruses","volume":"162","author":"Chiappinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0363-1","article-title":"High Rate of Complete Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma Previously Exposed to Epigenetic Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Falchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002347","article-title":"Improved Clinical Outcome in a Randomized Phase II Study of Anti-PD-1 Camrelizumab plus Decitabine in Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-190753","article-title":"The Combination of Nivolumab and CC-486 Is Active in Hodgkin Lymphoma Refractory to PD-1 Blockade","volume":"142","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000610","article-title":"Clinicopathological Features and Prediction Values of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11 in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.1350","article-title":"Panobinostat in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma after Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation: Results of a Phase II Study","volume":"30","author":"Younes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.608448","article-title":"A Phase 2 Study of Vorinostat for Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: SWOG S0517","volume":"53","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-1215","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Vorinostat Plus Sirolimus or Everolimus in Patients with Relapsed Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Janku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2156","article-title":"Aberrations of EZH2 in Cancer","volume":"17","author":"Chase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e493","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00134-X","article-title":"SHR2554, an EZH2 Inhibitor, in Relapsed or Refractory Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms: A First-in-Human, Dose-Escalation, Dose-Expansion, and Clinical Expansion Phase 1 Trial","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT Signaling Pathway: From Bench to Clinic","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-11-814913","article-title":"Pervasive Mutations of JAK-STAT Pathway Genes in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"131","author":"Tiacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209151","article-title":"Mutations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene SOCS-1 in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Are Frequent and Associated with Nuclear Phospho-STAT5 Accumulation","volume":"25","author":"Weniger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006336","article-title":"JAK\/STAT Blockade Reverses the Malignant Phenotype of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells","volume":"7","author":"Maestre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.J., Yoon, D.H., Kang, H.J., Hong, J.Y., Lee, H.S., Oh, S.Y., Shin, H.J., Kong, J.H., Yi, J.H., and Sakamoto, K. (2019). Ruxolitinib Shows Activity against Hodgkin Lymphoma but Not Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6303-z"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.180554","article-title":"A Phase II Study of the Oral JAK1\/JAK2 Inhibitor Ruxolitinib in Advanced Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"103","author":"Gastinne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13859","article-title":"JAK Inhibition with Ruxolitinib in Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of a Phase II, Open Label, Multicentre Clinical Trial (JeRiCHO)","volume":"109","author":"Gillessen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149675","article-title":"Ruxolitinib Plus Nivolumab in Patients with R\/R Hodgkin Lymphoma after Failure of Check-Point Inhibitors: Preliminary Report on Safety and Efficacy","volume":"138","author":"Bachanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-140507","article-title":"Everolimus Plus Itacitinib in Relapsed\/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Results of a Phase I\/II Investigator Initiated Trial (EVITA Study)","volume":"136","author":"Svoboda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes Following CAR T Cell Therapy: What We Know so Far","volume":"20","author":"Cappell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benevolo Savelli, C., Clerico, M., Botto, B., Secreto, C., Cavallo, F., Dellacasa, C., Busca, A., Bruno, B., Freilone, R., and Cerrano, M. (2023). Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy for Lymphoma: New Settings and Future Directions. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010046"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1365","article-title":"Autologous T Cells Expressing CD30 Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Open-Label Phase I Trial","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3794","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01342","article-title":"Anti-CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"38","author":"Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7496","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-158869","article-title":"Updated Results and Correlative Analysis: Autologous CD30.CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHARIOT Trial)","volume":"140","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005385","article-title":"Pretherapy Metabolic Tumor Volume Is Associated with Response to CD30 CAR T Cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Voorhees","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12723","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-156660","article-title":"Clinical Activity of Anti-PD-1 Therapy Following CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"140","author":"Voorhees","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005343","article-title":"Tumor-Associated Antigen-Specific T Cells with Nivolumab Are Safe and Persist in Vivo in Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Dave","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-189688","article-title":"Circulating Clonotypic B Cells in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"113","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0170","article-title":"Mesothelin-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor MRNA-Engineered T Cells Induce Anti-Tumor Activity in Solid Malignancies","volume":"2","author":"Beatty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-03-837609","article-title":"Nonviral RNA Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"132","author":"Svoboda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/10\/1830\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:43:59Z","timestamp":1760107439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/10\/1830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers16101830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16101830","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]}}}