{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:08:43Z","timestamp":1792069723548,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Texas PDX Development and Trial Center","award":["5U54CA224065-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U54CA224065-0"]}]},{"name":"University of Texas PDX Development and Trial Center","award":["P30 CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016672"]}]},{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center","award":["5U54CA224065-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U54CA224065-0"]}]},{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center","award":["P30 CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016672"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Wnt receptor ROR1 has generated increased interest as a cancer therapeutic target. Research on several therapeutic approaches involving this receptor is ongoing; however, ROR1 tissue expression remains understudied. We performed an immunohistochemistry analysis of ROR1 protein expression in a large cohort of multiple tumor and histologic types. We analyzed 12 anonymized multi-tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs), including mesothelioma, esophageal and upper gastrointestinal carcinomas, and uterine endometrioid carcinoma, among other tumor types. Additionally, we studied 5 different sarcoma types of TMAs and 6 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) TMAs developed from 19 different anatomic sites and tumor histologic types. A total of 1142 patient cases from different histologic types and 140 PDXs placed in TMAs were evaluated. Pathologists assessed the percentage of tumor cells in each case that were positive for ROR1 and the intensity of staining. For determining the prevalence of staining for each tumor type, a case was considered positive if &gt;1% of its tumor cells showed ROR1 staining. Our immunohistochemistry assays revealed a heterogeneous ROR1 expression profile. A high prevalence of ROR1 expression was found in mesothelioma (84.6%), liposarcoma (36.1%), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (33.3%), and uterine endometrioid carcinoma (28.9%). Other histologic types such as breast, lung, renal cell, hepatocellular, urothelial carcinoma, and colon carcinomas; glioblastoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and leiomyosarcoma showed less ROR1 overall expression, ranging between 0.9 and 13%. No ROR1 expression was seen in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Overall, ROR1 expression was relatively infrequent and low in most tumor types investigated; however, ROR1 expression was infrequent but high in selected tumor types, such as gastroesophageal GIST, suggesting that ROR1 prescreening may be preferable for those indications. Further, mesothelioma exhibited frequent and high levels of ROR1 expression, which represents a previously unrecognized therapeutic opportunity. These findings can contribute to the development of ROR1-targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16101874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T03:35:55Z","timestamp":1715744155000},"page":"1874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Heterogeneous Profile of ROR1 Protein Expression across Tumor Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2105-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriela","family":"Raso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7336-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizve","family":"Barrientos Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Lazcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argun","family":"Akcakanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0326-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Sini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, 1121 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Trapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, 1121 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Johanna","family":"Madlener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim, 88400 Biberach, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Waldmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBE-Therapeutics AG, 4057 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funda","family":"Meric-Bernstam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3277","article-title":"Spatial regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases in development and cancer","volume":"12","author":"Casaletto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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