{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:10:23Z","timestamp":1790809823063,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":230,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer of the colon and rectum (CRC) has been identified among the three most prevalent types of cancer and cancer-related deaths for both sexes. Even though significant progress in surgical and chemotherapeutic techniques has markedly improved disease-free and overall survival rates in contrast to those three decades ago, recent years have seen a stagnation in these improvements. This underscores the need for new therapies aiming to augment patient outcomes. A number of emerging strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), have exhibited promising outcomes not only in preclinical but also in clinical settings. Additionally, a thorough appreciation of the underlying biology has expanded the scope of research into potential therapeutic interventions. For instance, the pivotal role of altered telomere length in early CRC carcinogenesis, leading to chromosomal instability and telomere dysfunction, presents a promising avenue for future treatments. Thus, this review explores the advancements in CRC immunotherapy and telomere-targeted therapies, examining potential synergies and how these novel treatment modalities intersect to potentially enhance each other\u2019s efficacy, paving the way for promising future therapeutic advancements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16111995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1716549472000},"page":"1995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taxiarchis Konstantinos","family":"Nikolouzakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Chrysos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Oana","family":"Docea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Persefoni","family":"Fragkiadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1642-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Souglakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Tsiaoussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristidis","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xv","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2022.02.001","article-title":"Colorectal Cancer","volume":"31","author":"Hedrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg. 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