{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:50:09Z","timestamp":1791571809059,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of the Scientific Research and Graduate Studies, Yarmouk University","award":["1\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field of research in the treatment of conditions such as cancer and autoimmunity. Nanomaterials can be designed for immune system manipulation, with precise targeted delivery and improved immunomodulatory efficacy. Here, we elaborate on various strategies using nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymers, and inorganic NPs, and discuss their detailed design intricacies, mechanisms, and applications, including the current regulatory issues. This type of nanomaterial design for targeting specific immune cells or tissues and controlling release kinetics could push current technological frontiers and provide new and innovative solutions for immune-related disorders and diseases without off-target effects. These materials enable targeted interactions with immune cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies. Moreover, they allow for fine-tuning of immune responses while minimizing side effects. At the intersection of nanotechnology and immunology, nanomaterial-based platforms have immense potential to revolutionize patient-centered immunotherapy and reshape disease management. By prioritizing safety, customization, and compliance with regulatory standards, these systems can make significant contributions to precision medicine, thereby significantly impacting the healthcare landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16112030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T08:36:22Z","timestamp":1716798982000},"page":"2030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Nanomaterial-Driven Precision Immunomodulation: A New Paradigm in Therapeutic Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa A. A.","family":"Aljabali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8801-2652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Gammoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Tanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3467-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachana","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9736-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumedha","family":"Kapre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushesh","family":"Srivatsa Palakurthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sk. Sarif","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debaleena","family":"Nawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Research Institute for Integrated Medicine (IRIIM), Unsani, Howrah 711302, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Lundstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PanTherapeutics, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altijana","family":"Hromi\u0107-Jahjefendi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9953-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Serrano-Aroca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, c\/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elrashdy M.","family":"Redwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir N.","family":"Uversky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murtaza M.","family":"Tambuwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. 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