{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:24:27Z","timestamp":1793039067835,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastric cancer (GC) is still one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. To diminish the GC burden, a modification of the current diagnostic paradigm, and especially endoscopic diagnosis of symptomatic individuals, is necessary. In this review article, we present a broad review and the current knowledge status on serum biomarkers, including pepsinogens, gastrin, Gastropanel\u00ae, autoantibodies, and novel biomarkers, allowing us to estimate the risk of gastric precancerous conditions (GPC)\u2014atrophic gastritis and gastric intestinal metaplasia. The aim of the article is to emphasize the role of non-invasive testing in GC prevention. This comprehensive review describes the pathophysiological background of investigated biomarkers, their status and performance based on available data, as well as their clinical applicability. We point out future perspectives of non-invasive testing and possible new biomarkers opportunities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16122254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:33:20Z","timestamp":1718696000000},"page":"2254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Non-Invasive Markers for the Detection of Gastric Precancerous Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Roma\u0144czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"H-T. Medical Center, 43-100 Tychy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Osmola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masovian Oncological Hospital, 05-135 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaury","family":"Druet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAD, Hepato-Gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology, University Hospital of Nantes, F-44093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"H\u00e9mont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Center for ImmunoMonitoring Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, Center for ImmunoMonitoring Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), F-44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"University of Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Translationnel en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4834-9693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chapelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAD, Hepato-Gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology, University Hospital of Nantes, F-44093 Nantes, France"},{"name":"University of Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Translationnel en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Matysiak-Budnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMAD, Hepato-Gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology, University Hospital of Nantes, F-44093 Nantes, France"},{"name":"University of Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Translationnel en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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