{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:53:39Z","timestamp":1792079619451,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epithelioid hemangioma is recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct benign neoplasm; however, it is characterized by locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing behavior. Epithelioid vascular tumors are rare bony vascular lesions with varying degrees of malignant potential that remain controversial because of their rarity, unusual morphological features, and unpredictable biological behavior. The application of new molecular tools, such as massive parallel sequencing technologies, have provided new diagnostic markers and an opportunity to further refine the classification of bone vascular neoplasms. Very few cases of EH of the spine have been reported in the literature; therefore, it is difficult to make evidence-based therapeutic decisions for these patients. We report herein our experience with eleven patients suffering from EH of the spine. The study population included three males and eight females treated in our center from 2016 to the present; the average age was 44.8 years (range 14\u201375 years). The surgical, clinical, and radiographic data were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up was 34.8 months. All patients presented lytic vertebral body lesions, six of them with pathological fracture. The majority of patients (80%) presented myelo-radicular compression. All patients were surgically treated, and preoperative embolization was performed in all cases. In light of the literature review and the clinical experience of our center, we can consider EH a locally aggressive tumor that requires surgical treatment in case of symptoms. Here, we propose a treatment algorithm that could be useful in the management of patients with this rare disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16142557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T08:48:29Z","timestamp":1721206109000},"page":"2557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epithelioid Hemangioma of the Spine: A Case Series and Treatment Flow Chart\u2014Experience from a Single Centre"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Asunis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"De Robertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8344-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Griffoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bandiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1074-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Righi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Ghermandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Pipola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Girolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8080-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Gambarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.04.003","article-title":"Vascular tumors of bone: The evolvement of classification based on molecular developments","volume":"10","author":"Bovee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg. 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