{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:35Z","timestamp":1787027795071,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of racial healthcare disparities has been well documented. Adverse social determinants of health, such as poverty, inadequate housing, and limited access to healthcare, are intricately linked to these disparities and negative health outcomes, highlighting the profound impact that social and economic factors have on individuals\u2019 overall well-being. Recent evidence underscores the role of residential location on individual health outcomes. Despite the importance of a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and stress management for favorable health outcomes, individuals living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas may face obstacles in achieving these practices. Adverse living conditions, environmental factors, and systemic biases against Black Americans perpetuate allostatic load. This, compounded by decreased physical activity and limited healthy food options, may contribute to increased oxidative stress and inflammation, fundamental drivers of morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Herein, we perform a narrative review of associations between healthcare disparities, chronic stress, allostatic load, inflammation, and cancer in Black Americans, and we discuss potential mechanisms and solutions. Additional research is warranted in the very important area of cancer disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16173023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T07:45:47Z","timestamp":1725003947000},"page":"3023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Interplay between Structural Inequality, Allostatic Load, Inflammation, and Cancer in Black Americans: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ashanda R.","family":"Esdaille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Atlanta Veteran\u2019s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson Kevin","family":"Kuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian Ifunanya","family":"Anyaeche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6312-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ecem","family":"Kalemoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-0507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer","family":"Kucuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.1472","article-title":"Trends in Cancer Mortality Among Black Individuals in the US From 1999 to 2019","volume":"8","author":"Lawrence","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.09.004","article-title":"Access and Representation: A Narrative Review of the Disparities in Access to Clinical Trials and Precision Oncology in Black men with Prostate Cancer","volume":"163","author":"Esdaille","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-017-0327-6","article-title":"Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis","volume":"42","author":"Robinette","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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