{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:48:29Z","timestamp":1781945309358,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For many spine surgeons, patients with metastatic cancer are often present in an emergent situation with rapidly progressive neurological dysfunction. Since the Patchell trial, scoring systems such as NOMS and SINS have emerged to guide the extent of surgical excision and fusion in the context of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Yet, while multidisciplinary decision-making is the gold standard of cancer care, in the middle of the night, when a patient needs spinal surgery, the wealth of chemotherapy data, clinical trials, and other medical advances can feel overwhelming. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the relevant molecular biomarkers and therapies driving patient survival in lung, breast, prostate, and renal cell cancer. We highlight the molecular differences between primary tumors (i.e., the patient\u2019s original lung cancer) and the subsequent spinal metastasis. This distinction is crucial, as there are limited data investigating how metastases respond to their primary tumor\u2019s targeted molecular therapies. Integrating information from primary and metastatic markers allows for a more comprehensive and personalized approach to cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16183152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T10:56:57Z","timestamp":1726484217000},"page":"3152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Therapeutic Opportunities for Biomarkers in Metastatic Spine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1687-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Campilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen P.","family":"Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Arditi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison J.","family":"Michles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"De La Garza Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseun O.","family":"Akinduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziya L.","family":"Gokaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1137-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margot","family":"Martinez Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L. Zadnik","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i18","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaa051","article-title":"Presentation of spinal cord and column tumors","volume":"7","author":"Fridley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0134-x","article-title":"Molecular principles of metastasis: A hallmark of cancer revisited","volume":"5","author":"Fares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. 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