{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:03:11Z","timestamp":1784689391571,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["111-2320-B-038-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2320-B-038-026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: 3-Monochloro-propanediol esters (3-MCPDEs), commonly found in refined edible oils and related products, have generated concerns due to their nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity, yet clinical evidence remains limited. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess, for the first time, the accumulation of 3-MCPDEs in human kidney tissues, focusing on 68 participants, some with and others without renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: An analytical method for 3-MCPDE determination in kidney tissues underwent partial validation to ensure its suitability for sample analysis. The analyst was blind to the sample groups. Results: Results revealed significantly higher 3-MCPDE levels in RCC patients compared to non-RCC counterparts (0.22 vs. 0.01 \u00b5g\/g) (p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, no significant correlation was found between 3-MCPDE levels and tumor stage or size in the RCC group. Conclusions: Accumulation of 3-MCPDEs in humans, with significantly higher levels was observed in kidney tumor specimens compared to non-patients. These findings suggest minimizing the intake of 3-MCPD and its esters in diets in order to reduce potential negative health impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16193313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T11:19:33Z","timestamp":1727435973000},"page":"3313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accumulation of 3-Monochloro-Propanediol Esters in Kidney Tissues of Patients with Human Renal Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Che-Yuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-An","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Wei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Tsung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Hui","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2824-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.05.039","article-title":"Mechanism of formation of 3-chloropropan-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) esters under conditions of the vegetable oil refining","volume":"211","author":"Filip","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06067","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of research trends on 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters in foods","volume":"70","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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