{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:36:11Z","timestamp":1768458971455,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Cancer Society (KWF Kankerbestrijding)","award":["8028\/KaWeFis Batch5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8028\/KaWeFis Batch5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Due to the relatively advanced age and high mortality rate of patients with high-grade chondrosarcoma (CS), it is important to holistically assess patient- and tumor characteristics in multidisciplinary team and shared decision-making with regard to treatment options. While current prognostic models include multiple tumor and treatment characteristics, the only patient characteristics that are commonly included are age and gender. Based on clinical experience, we believe that factors related to patient preoperative systemic health status such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score may be equally important prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Methods: A retrospective nationwide cohort study was identified from four specialized bone sarcoma centers in The Netherlands. Patients with a primary CS grade II, III, and dedifferentiated CS were eligible. Prognostic factors including age at presentation, gender, ASA score, CVD, tobacco use, BMI, histological tumor grade, tumor size, pathological fracture, presentation after unplanned excision, type of surgery and surgical margin were evaluated. The outcome measure was OS at the time of surgery. The Kaplan\u2013Meier methodology was employed to estimate OS; a log-rank test was used to assess the difference in survival. To study the impact of prognostic factors on OS, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was estimated. Results: In total, 249 patients were eligible for this study, and 89 were deceased at the end of follow-up. In multivariate analysis, histological grade (HR 2.247, 95% CI 1.334\u20133.783), ASA score III (HR 2.615, 95% CI 1.145\u20135.976, vs. ASA I), and age per year (HR: 1.025, 95% CI 1.004\u20131.045) were negatively associated with OS. No association was found between tobacco use, BMI, gender or cardiovascular disease and OS in this cohort. Pathological fracture and tumor size were only associated with OS in univariate analysis. Conclusions: This multicenter study is the first on sarcomas to include ASA in a prognostic model. Results show that ASA score as a proxy for patients\u2019 systemic health status should be included when providing a prognosis for patients with a high-grade primary CS, besides the conventional risk factors such as tumor grade and age. Specifically, severe systemic disease (ASA score III) is a strong negative predictor. Conversely, we found no difference in OS between ASA scores I and II. These findings aid multidisciplinary team and shared decision-making with regard to these complex sarcoma patients that often require life-changing surgeries. Level of Evidence: Prognostic level III. See the instructions for authors for the complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16203484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T12:44:31Z","timestamp":1728909871000},"page":"3484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Importance of Patient Systemic Health Status in High-Grade Chondrosarcoma Prognosis: A National Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veroniek M.","family":"van Praag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6602-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Molenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guus A. H.","family":"Tendijck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard R.","family":"Schaap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6022-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul C.","family":"Jutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid C. M.","family":"van der Geest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fiocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Section Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9156-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel A. J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2007-0237","article-title":"The clinical approach towards chondrosarcoma","volume":"13","author":"Gelderblom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-3003-y","article-title":"MRI differentiation of low-grade from high-grade appendicular chondrosarcoma","volume":"24","author":"Douis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. 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