{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:53:36Z","timestamp":1790963616065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Talent Development Programme","award":["NWF 2024\u201325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWF 2024\u201325"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Development Programme","award":["78255937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["78255937"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Development Programme","award":["202208080145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208080145"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Development Programme","award":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NWF 2024\u201325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWF 2024\u201325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["78255937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["78255937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202208080145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208080145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Jos\u00e9 Carreras Leukemia Foundation","award":["NWF 2024\u201325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWF 2024\u201325"]}]},{"name":"German Jos\u00e9 Carreras Leukemia Foundation","award":["78255937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["78255937"]}]},{"name":"German Jos\u00e9 Carreras Leukemia Foundation","award":["202208080145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208080145"]}]},{"name":"German Jos\u00e9 Carreras Leukemia Foundation","award":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leipzig","award":["NWF 2024\u201325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWF 2024\u201325"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leipzig","award":["78255937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["78255937"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leipzig","award":["202208080145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208080145"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leipzig","award":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DJCLS 01 R-2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, plays a pivotal role in B cell biology and function. As an essential component of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, BTK is expressed not only in B cells but also in myeloid cells, including monocytes\/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. BTK inhibitors (BTKis) have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B cell malignancies. Besides their well-characterized role in inhibiting BCR signaling, BTKis also exert significant immunological influences outside the tumor cell that extend their therapeutic potential and impact on the immune system in different ways. This work elucidates the immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with BTK inhibition, focusing on CLL and other clinical contexts. We discuss how BTK inhibition affects various immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages. The effects of BTKis on the profiles of cytokines, also fundamental parts of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are summarized here as well. This review also appraises the implications of these immunomodulatory actions in the management of autoimmune diseases and infections. Summarizing the dual role of BTK inhibition in modulating malignant lymphocyte and immune cell functions, this paper highlights the broader potential clinical use of compounds targeting BTK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16213574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T09:07:04Z","timestamp":1729674424000},"page":"3574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of BTK Inhibition in CLL and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8517-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hematology, Cell Therapy, Hemostaseology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hematology, Cell Therapy, Hemostaseology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Diana","family":"Herling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hematology, Cell Therapy, Hemostaseology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Herling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hematology, Cell Therapy, Hemostaseology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/352777a0","article-title":"The B-Cell Antigen Receptor of the Five Immunoglobulin Classes","volume":"352","author":"Venkitaraman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05412-7","article-title":"Structural Principles of B Cell Antigen Receptor Assembly","volume":"612","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1993.tb00843.x","article-title":"Association of Src-Family Kinase Lyn with B-Cell Antigen Receptor","volume":"132","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol. 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