{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:31:18Z","timestamp":1760146278682,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica (PAPIIT)","award":["IA209620","D003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA209620","D003"]}]},{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC)","award":["IA209620","D003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA209620","D003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) presents a challenge in hematological malignancies due to its heterogeneity, which impacts treatment outcomes. Stratification based on the DNA index (DNAi) categorizes patients into favorable prognosis (hyperploid), standard prognosis (normoploid), and uncertain or poor prognosis (hypoploid) groups. In this study, we explored whether specific immunophenotypic markers are associated with each DNAi-based group and their potential connection to prognostic categories, aiming to provide new insights that may contribute to a better understanding of prognosis in B-ALL. Methods: In this study, we utilized flow cytometry to analyze immunophenotypic markers and combined this with DNA index (DNAi) measurements to stratify pediatric B-ALL patients into distinct risk categories. Our methodology focused on accurately classifying patients into hyperploid, normoploid, and hypoploid groups based on their DNA content, facilitating a comparative analysis of immunophenotypic characteristics across these groups. Results: Our analysis revealed that hypoploid B-ALL patients displayed a significantly lower percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle compared to normoploid and hyperploid groups. Additionally, distinct immunophenotypic profiles were observed in hypoploid patients, characterized by higher expression levels of HLA-DR and a notable co-expression of CD34 and CD22. Conclusions: This study found that hypoploid B-ALL patients have distinct characteristics, such as lower S-phase cell percentages and specific immunophenotypic profiles, including higher HLA-DR expression and CD34\/CD22 co-expression. These differences across DNA index-based prognostic categories warrant further research to explore their potential prognostic significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16213585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T09:11:47Z","timestamp":1729761107000},"page":"3585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct Immunophenotypes in the DNA Index-Based Stratification of Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Myriam","family":"Campos-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Los Barrios N\u00b0 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilfrido David","family":"Tapia-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto Daniel","family":"Saucedo-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Los Barrios N\u00b0 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Leonardo","family":"Duarte-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-6460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Olivas-Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Culiac\u00e1n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Occidente, Culiacan 80020, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almarosa","family":"Ruiz-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo Rene","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Reyes-Reali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Mendoza-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Jimenez-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glustein","family":"Pozo-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica y Oncolog\u00eda Molecular, Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Los Barrios N\u00b0 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Piedra-Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisiolog\u00eda Vegetal (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Los Barrios N\u00b0 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Vega Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITOLAB, Av. Ejercito Nacional 613, Col Granada, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11520, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4772-0713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Santos-Argumedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Hugo","family":"Rosales-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Basiliso Romo Anguiano 124, Industrial, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07800, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorios Nacionales de Servicios Experimentales, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 14330, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-6575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ponciano-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda (UMF), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Los Barrios N\u00b0 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2013.06.007","article-title":"A 50-Year Journey to Cure Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"50","author":"Pui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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