{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T06:52:05Z","timestamp":1781247125650,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor, with high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis. This study aims to stratify patients Relapse-Free Survival (RFS) using a combined model of clinical and radiomic features from preoperative MRI. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with primary AdCC who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Segmentations were manually performed by two head and neck radiologists. Radiomic features were extracted using the 3D Slicer software. Descriptive statistics was performed. A Survival Random Forest model was employed to select which radiological feature predict RFS. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed using clinical, radiological variables or both. Synthetic data augmentation was applied to address the small sample size and improve model robustness. Models were validated on real data and compared using the C-index and Prediction Error Curves (PEC). Results: Three Cox models were developed: one with clinical features (C-index = 0.67), one with radiomic features (C-index = 0.68), and one combining both (C-index = 0.77). The combined clinical-radiomic model had the highest predictive accuracy and outperformed models based on clinical or radiomic features. The combined model also exhibited the lowest mean Brier score in PEC analysis, indicating better predictive performance. Conclusions: This study demonstrate that a combined radiomic-clinical model can predict RFS in AdCC patients. This model may provide clinicians a valuable tool in patient\u2019s management and may aid in personalized treatment planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16233926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T06:25:19Z","timestamp":1732515919000},"page":"3926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Radiomic and Clinical Model in the Prognostic Evaluation of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4070-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Rondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1298-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Tomasoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department, Unidade Local Sa\u00fade Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Rampinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Guerini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Istituto del Radio O. Alberti, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8430-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4761-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Borghesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano Maria","family":"Magrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Istituto del Radio O. Alberti, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Buglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Istituto del Radio O. Alberti, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7023-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Mattavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0424-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Vezzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, University of Brescia, 25133 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-0001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ravanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4444","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27408","article-title":"Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Incidence and Survival Trends Based on 1973\u20132007 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data","volume":"118","author":"Ellington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.10.010","article-title":"EUROCARE Working Group Survival from Salivary Glands Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in European Populations","volume":"45","author":"Ciccolallo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.01.023","article-title":"A Prospective Multicentre REFCOR Study of 470 Cases of Head and Neck Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors","volume":"130","author":"Atallah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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