{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:12:48Z","timestamp":1785795168453,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In oncology, casein kinase 2 (CK2), a serine\/threonine kinase, has a dual action, regulating cellular processes and acting as an oncogenic promoter. Methods: This study examined the effect of CX-4945, a selective CK2 inhibitor, in a human U-87 glioblastoma (GBM) cell line, treated with CX-4945 (5, 10, and 15 \u03bcM) for 24 h. Similarly, the hCMEC\/D3 cell line was used to mimic the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB), examining the ability of CX-4945 to restore BBB homeostasis, after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated with CX-4945 (5, 10, and 15 \u03bcM). Results: We reported that CX-4945 reduced the proliferative activity and modulated the main pathways involved in tumor progression including apoptosis. Furthermore, in confirmation of the in vitro study, performing a xenograft model, we demonstrated that CX-4945 exerted promising antiproliferative effects, also restoring the tight junctions\u2019 expression. Conclusions: These new insights into the molecular signaling of CK2 in GBM and BBB demonstrate that CX-4945 could be a promising approach for future GBM therapy, not only in the tumor microenvironment but also at the BBB level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16233936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T08:38:24Z","timestamp":1732523904000},"page":"3936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor, CX-4945, Induces Apoptosis and Restores Blood-Brain Barrier Homeostasis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6927-8997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Bova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Mannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6542-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayomide E.","family":"Salako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications (DiSIA), University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2663-6387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Filippone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Scuderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d\u2019Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persano, S., Vicini, F., Poggi, A., Fernandez, J.L.C., Rizzo, G.M.R., Gavil\u00e1n, H., Silvestri, N., and Pellegrino, T. 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