{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:52:21Z","timestamp":1792144341081,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell-surface glycoprotein serving as a drug target, diagnostic marker, and serum marker for cancer monitoring. However, prevalence data on CEA expression in cancer tissues vary considerably. This study was designed to determine CEA expression in normal and neoplastic tissues. Methods: A tissue microarray containing 13,725 samples from 120 different tumor types, as well as 76 different normal tissue types, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: CEA was detectable in 65 (54.2%) of 120 tumor categories, including 49 (40.8%) tumor types with at least one strongly positive case. CEA positivity was most common in colorectal adenomas (100%) and carcinomas (98.7%), other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (61.1\u201380.3%), medullary carcinomas of the thyroid (96.3%), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (73.7%), mucinous carcinomas of the ovary (79.8%) and the breast (43.2%), small-cell carcinomas of the lung (64.3%), and urinary bladder (38.9%). CEA overexpression was linked to high tumor grade and invasive growth (p &lt; 0.0001 each) in urinary bladder cancer, and estrogen and HER2 receptor positivity (p \u2264 0.0158) in invasive breast cancer of no special type. In colorectal adenocarcinomas, reduced CEA expression was associated with mismatch repair deficiency (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: The comprehensive list of CEA-positive human tumor types demonstrates that CEA is expressed in a broad range of epithelial neoplasms, many of which might benefit from CEA serum monitoring and anti-CEA therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16234052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T04:04:04Z","timestamp":1733198644000},"page":"4052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Kornfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1572-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Lennartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dwertmann Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Reiswich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Viehweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3657-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Abdulwahab","family":"Bawahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pathology Division, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Fraune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6680-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Gorbokon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1464-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas M.","family":"Luebke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7542-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Hube-Magg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Menz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ria","family":"Uhlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Krech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Hinsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Burandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0158-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Kluth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Steurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center 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