{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:45:43Z","timestamp":1788983143923,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is associated with an increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) such as myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In general, CH comprises clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). It is an age-related phenomenon characterized by the presence of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that acquire a fitness advantage under selection pressure. Individuals with CHIP have an absolute risk of 0.5\u20131.0% per year for progressing to MDS or AML. Inflammation, smoking, cytotoxic therapy, and radiation can promote the process of clonal expansion and leukemic transformation. Of note, exposure to chemotherapy or radiation for patients with solid tumors or lymphomas can increase the risk of therapy-related MN. Beyond hematological malignancies, CH also serves as an independent risk factor for heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease. Prognostic models such as the CH risk score and MN-prediction models can provide a framework for risk stratification and clinical management of CHIP\/CCUS and identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from close surveillance. For CH or related disorders, therapeutic strategies targeting specific CH-associated mutations and specific selection pressure may have a potential role in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16234118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T08:17:49Z","timestamp":1733732269000},"page":"4118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Implications of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Hematological and Non-Hematological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1754-1247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2450-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5522-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9551-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harinder","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15094","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis and associated diseases: A review of recent findings","volume":"112","author":"Asada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: Integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04786-y","article-title":"Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan","volume":"606","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2319366121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319366121","article-title":"Aging and comprehensive molecular profiling in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"121","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. 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