{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:40:21Z","timestamp":1793155221693,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH NCI","award":["R01 CA246704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA246704"]}]},{"name":"NIH NCI","award":["UL1TR002373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002373"]}]},{"name":"ICTR Advancing Translational Research &amp; Science (ATRS) Pilot","award":["R01 CA246704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA246704"]}]},{"name":"ICTR Advancing Translational Research &amp; Science (ATRS) Pilot","award":["UL1TR002373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002373"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) represent a spectrum of non-neoplasms and neoplasms with varying malignant potential, posing significant challenges in diagnosis and management. While some PCLs are precursors to pancreatic cancer, others remain benign, necessitating accurate differentiation for optimal patient care. Conventional approaches to PCL management rely heavily on radiographic imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), coupled with clinical and biochemical data. However, the observer-dependent nature of image interpretation and the complex morphology of PCLs can lead to diagnostic uncertainty and variability in patient management strategies. This review critically evaluates current PCL diagnosis and surveillance practices, showing features of the different lesions and highlighting the potential limitations of conventional methods. We then explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to transform PCL management. AI-driven strategies, including deep learning algorithms for automated pancreas and lesion segmentation, and radiomics for analyzing heterogeneity, can improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. These advanced techniques can provide more objective and reproducible assessments, aiding clinicians in decision-making regarding follow-up intervals and surgical interventions. Early results suggest that AI-driven methods can significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling earlier detection of high-risk lesions and reducing unnecessary procedures for benign cysts. Finally, this review emphasizes that AI-driven approaches could potentially reshape the landscape of PCL management, ultimately leading to improved pancreatic cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16244268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1734945218000},"page":"4268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Advances for Managing Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Integrating Imaging and AI Innovations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4539-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Seyithanoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 38000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1608-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorkem","family":"Durak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Keles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpay","family":"Medetalibeyoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 38000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziliang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yavuz B.","family":"Taktak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 38000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timurhan","family":"Cebeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 38000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, BME, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53707, USA"},{"name":"William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2287-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri S.","family":"Velichko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cemal","family":"Yazici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0185-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temel","family":"Tirkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank H.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh N.","family":"Keswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetto","family":"Spampinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7379-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulas","family":"Bagci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, October 11). 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