{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T13:57:57Z","timestamp":1780754277952,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital (SP)","award":["MIA.2021.M02.0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIA.2021.M02.0005"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital (SP)","award":["PI20\/01666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/01666"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salut Carlos III (SP)","award":["MIA.2021.M02.0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIA.2021.M02.0005"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salut Carlos III (SP)","award":["PI20\/01666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/01666"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Inflammatory features can mimic PCa in suspicious MRI-lesions. Objectives: To assess the incidence of inflammatory features in targeted biopsies to suspicious lesions. Methods. A prospective analysis was conducted of 531 MRI-suspicious lesions with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores of 3 to 5 in 364 men suspected of having PCa. Results. The incidence of inflammatory features in the MRI-suspicious lesions without PCa was 69.6%, compared to 48.1% in those with PCa (p &lt; 0.001). Among the suspicious lesions without PCa, the incidence of inflammatory features ranged from 68.6% to 71.2% across the PI-RADS categories (p = 0.870). Mild chronic prostatitis increased with higher PI-RADS scores, while acute prostatitis decreased, and granulomatous prostatitis was exclusively observed in patients with PI-RADS scores of 4 and 5. The incidence of inflammatory features in the lesions with insignificant PCa (grade group 1) was 66.7%, compared to 42.7% in those with significant PCa (grade group 2 to 5; p = 0.027). The detection of inflammatory features in MRI-suspicious lesions was identified as an independent predictor of a lower likelihood of significant PCa detection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.326 (95% CI 0.196\u20130.541). Mild chronic prostatitis was the only type of prostatitis which was an independent predictor of a lower likelihood of significant PCa, with an OR of 0.398 (95% CI 0.268\u20130.590). Conclusions. These data suggest that inflammatory features may be considered mimickers of significant PCa on MRI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T14:21:12Z","timestamp":1735654872000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of Inflammatory Features in Suspicious Lesions for Significant Prostate Cancer on Magnetic Resonance Imaging\u2014Are They Mimickers of Prostate Cancer?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Morote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Urology Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Celma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Urology Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E.","family":"Semidey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6973-4246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreu","family":"Antol\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Institut de Diagn\u00f2stic per la Imatge, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Trilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Urology Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084","article-title":"Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study","volume":"360","author":"Schroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002696","article-title":"Results from 22 years of Followup in the G\u00f6teborg Randomized Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial","volume":"208","author":"Godtman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-022-00638-6","article-title":"Serum PSA-based early detection of prostate cancer in Europe and globally: Past, present and future","volume":"19","author":"Albreht","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.06.026","article-title":"Negative predictive value of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection: Outcome of 5-year follow-up in men with negative findings on initial MRI studies","volume":"83","author":"Itatani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"618","article-title":"What Is the Negative Predictive Value of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Excluding Prostate Cancer at Biopsy? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis from the European Association of Urology Prostate Cancer Guidelines Panel","volume":"71","author":"Moldovan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.03.048","article-title":"Negative Predictive Value of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Sathianathen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.10.009","article-title":"Transperineal magnetic resonance image targeted prostate biopsy versus transperineal template prostate biopsy in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer","volume":"189","author":"Kasivisvanathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801993","article-title":"MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis","volume":"378","author":"Kasivisvanathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Comford, P., Tilki, D., Bergh, R.C.N.V.D., Briers, E., Ebetli, D., Meerleer, G.D., Santis, M.D., Gillessen, A., Leeders, A.M.H.V., and Oort, I.M.C. (2024, November 14). EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Available online: http:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/compilations-of-all-guidelines\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.10.001","article-title":"Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-directed Biopsy Strategies for Changing the Paradigm of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Schoots","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.06.014","article-title":"Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 Category Cases at Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Maggi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2021.12.009","article-title":"Improving the Early Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Men in the Challenging Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System 3 Category","volume":"37","author":"Morote","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67064-2","article-title":"Effect of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on elevated serum prostate specific antigen levels","volume":"154","author":"Nadler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.3.236","article-title":"NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis","volume":"282","author":"Krieger","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111683","article-title":"Differentiation of prostatitis and prostate cancer by using diffusion-weighted MR imaging and MR-guided biopsy at 3 T","volume":"267","author":"Nagel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.22843","article-title":"Prostatitis, the Great Mimicker of Prostate Cancer: Can We Differentiate Them Quantitatively with Multiparametric MRI","volume":"215","author":"Uysal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertelli, E., Zantonelli, G., Cinelli, A., Pastacaldi, S., Agostini, S., Neri, E., and Miele, V. (2022). Granulomatous Prostatitis, the Great Mimicker of Prostate Cancer: Can Multiparametric MRI Features Help in This Challenging Differential Diagnosis. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102302"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2019.60.5.388","article-title":"Inflammation appears as high Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) leading to false positive MRI fusion biopsy","volume":"60","author":"Rourke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Clin. Urol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2377-y","article-title":"ESUR prostate MR guidelines 2012","volume":"22","author":"Barentsz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.033","article-title":"Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2.1: 2019 Update of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2","volume":"76","author":"Turkbey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000530","article-title":"The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma: Definition of Grading Patterns and Proposal for a New Grading System","volume":"40","author":"Epstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.046","article-title":"A Contemporary Prostate Cancer Grading System: A Validated Alternative to the Gleason Score","volume":"69","author":"Epstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-023-01150-z","article-title":"Prostatitis: A Review","volume":"24","author":"Yebes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Urol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64957-7","article-title":"Inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: Correlation with prostate specific antigen value","volume":"157","author":"Irani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2007.09.013","article-title":"Prostate growth and inflammation","volume":"108","author":"Sciarra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sessa, F., Nicoletti, R., De Nunzio, C., Porreca, A., Magrini, S.M., Mirone, V., Tubaro, A., Serni, S., Gontero, P., and Noale, M. (2023). Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: Pathological Analysis from Pros-IT CNR 2. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030630"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.120","article-title":"Inflammation on Prostate Needle Biopsy is Associated with Lower Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"199","author":"Vasavada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1159\/000020161","article-title":"Inflammation in prostate biopsies of men without prostatic malignancy or clinical prostatitis: Correlation with total serum PSA and PSA density","volume":"37","author":"Schatteman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12153","article-title":"Histological inflammation and risk of subsequent prostate cancer among men with initially elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial","volume":"112","author":"Laurila","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1080-0","article-title":"Clinical and multiparametric MRI signatures of granulomatous prostatitis","volume":"42","author":"Nix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.12.028","article-title":"Granulomatous Prostatitis Mimicking Prostate Cancer","volume":"137","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2020.04.001","article-title":"Negative Biopsy Histology in Men with PI-RADS Score 5 in Daily Clinical Practice: Incidence of Granulomatous Prostatitis","volume":"18","author":"Pepe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaudiano, C., Renzetti, B., De Fino, C., Corcioni, B., Ciccarese, F., Bianchi, L., Schiavina, R., Droghetti, M., Giunchi, F., and Brunocilla, E. (2023). Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the differential diagnosis between granulomatous prostatitis and prostate cancer: A literature review to an intriguing diagnostic challenge. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1178430"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04288-7","article-title":"The role of multiparametric magnetic resonance \u0131maging in the diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis mimicking prostate cancer","volume":"49","author":"Ogreden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28349","article-title":"Baseline prostate inflammation is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in men undergoing repeat prostate biopsy: Results from the REDUCE study: Inflammation and Prostate Cancer","volume":"120","author":"Moreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90027-2","article-title":"The association of selected pathological features with prostate cancer in a single-needle biopsy accession","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.00905.x","article-title":"Chronic inflammation is negatively associated with prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on needle biopsy","volume":"61","author":"Karakiewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.05.019","article-title":"Risk of prostate cancer after diagnosis of atypical glands suspicious for carcinoma on saturation and traditional biopsies","volume":"180","author":"Abouassaly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.08.508","article-title":"Chronic periglandular inflammation on prostate needle biopsy does not increase the likelihood of cancer on subsequent biopsy","volume":"73","author":"Bassett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.08.005","article-title":"Transition Zone Prostate-specific Antigen Density Could Better Guide the Rebiopsy Strategy in Men with Prostate Inflammation at Initial Biopsy","volume":"86","author":"Amini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2015.08.007","article-title":"Prostate chronic inflammation type IV and prostate cancer risk in patients undergoing first biopsy set: Results of a large cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Porcaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12555","article-title":"In-gantry MRI guided prostate biopsy diagnosis of prostatitis and its relationship with PIRADS V.2 based score","volume":"61","author":"Jyoti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.03.005","article-title":"Histologic Findings Associated with False Positive Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performed for Prostate Cancer Detection","volume":"76","author":"Gordetsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190181","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190181","article-title":"Quantitative contrast-enhanced perfusion kinetics in multiparametric MRI in differentiating prostate cancer from chronic prostatitis: Results from a pilot study","volume":"92","author":"Sureka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111151","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI characteristics of prostatitis and atrophy in the peripheral zone in men without prostate cancer","volume":"169","author":"Radtke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antolin, A., Roson, N., Mast, R., Arce, J., Almodovar, R., Cortada, R., Maceda, A., Escobar, M., Trilla, E., and Morote, J. (2024). The Role of Radiomics in the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the PI-RADS v2 and v2.1 Era: A Systematic Review. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16172951"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2022.04.013","article-title":"A Combinatorial Neural Network Analysis Reveals a Synergistic Behaviour of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance and Prostate Health Index in the Identification of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Gentile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.224","article-title":"Circulating tumour cells as biomarkers of prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer","volume":"14","author":"Gorin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04975-9","article-title":"Deep whole-genome ctDNA chronology of treatment-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"608","author":"Herberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00820-2","article-title":"Integrative proteogenomic profiling of high-risk prostate cancer samples from Chinese patients indicates metabolic vulnerabilities and diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.04.006","article-title":"Dietary soy and tea mitigate chronic inflammation and prostate cancer via NF\u03baB pathway in the Noble rat model","volume":"22","author":"Hsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs312","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer metastasis in vivo by targeting the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2","volume":"33","author":"Killian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2235","article-title":"Aspirin, NSAIDs, and risk of prostate cancer: Results from the REDUCE study","volume":"21","author":"Vidal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0648-0","article-title":"Physical Activity and Prostate Cancer: An Updated Review","volume":"47","author":"Shephard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30411-4","article-title":"Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and cancer: An update and emerging new evidence","volume":"18","author":"Kerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23502","article-title":"Exercise and prostate cancer: From basic science to clinical applications","volume":"78","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001937","article-title":"Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review","volume":"51","author":"McTiernan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrino, M., Bevacqua, E., Frattaruolo, L., Cappello, A.R., Aquaro, S., and Tucci, P. (2023). Enhancing the Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcumin in Combination with Quercetin, for the Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11072023"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/1\/53\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1760115697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/1\/53"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17010053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17010053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]}}}