{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:45:55Z","timestamp":1788457555857,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backgrounds: Imaging of parotid tumors is crucial for surgery planning, but it cannot distinguish malignant from benign lesions with absolute reliability. The aim of the study was to establish a diagnostic MRI algorithm to differentiate parotid tumors. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including all patients with parotid tumors, who underwent 3T-MRI and surgery. Morphological characteristics and normalized T2 and late postcontrast T1 signal intensities (SI) were assessed. \u201cGhosting sign\u201d on late postcontrast T1 sequence was defined as indistinguishability of the tumor except for a thin peripheral enhancement. Patients were divided according to histology and imaging data were compared. A diagnostic MRI algorithm was established. Results: Thirty-six patients were included. The combination of normalized late T1 postcontrast SI, normalized T2 SI and \u201cghosting sign\u201d allowed for the distinguishing of malignant from benign parotid tumors with high sensitivity (100%), specificity (93%), positive predictive value (80%), negative predictive value, (100%) and accuracy (94%). Moreover, pleomorphic adenomas often showed a homogeneous T2 signal and a complete capsule (p &lt; 0.01), Warthin tumors protein-rich cysts and calcifications (p &lt; 0.005 and p &lt; 0.05), and malignant tumors an inhomogeneous contrast enhancement (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: High field MRI represents a promising tool in parotid tumors, allowing for an accurate differentiation of malignant and benign lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1735738671000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High Field MRI in Parotid Gland Tumors: A Diagnostic Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Gaudino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6647-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina Lucia","family":"Pisciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00180 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-2334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Resi","family":"Pucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7929-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Veneroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cira Rosaria Tiziana","family":"Di Gioia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00180 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"De Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00180 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Pantano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Univerist\u00e0 30, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentino","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890080309","article-title":"Salivary Neoplasms: Overview of a 35-year experience with 2807 patients","volume":"8","author":"Spiro","year":"1986","journal-title":"Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.11.037","article-title":"Parotidectomy: Ten-Year Review of 237 Cases at a Single Institution","volume":"136","author":"Upton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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