{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:13:19Z","timestamp":1784092399175,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Cancer Aid","award":["108128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108128"]}]},{"name":"German Cancer Aid","award":["70113419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70113419"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Ewing sarcoma (EWS) of the mediastinum is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We aimed to gain a better understanding of primary mediastinal EWS, describing patients treated within two international, multicenter, prospective, randomized EWS trials. Methods: Data from patients with primary mediastinal EWS were retrieved from the database of the EURO-E.W.I.N.G.99 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00020566) and EWING 2008 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00987636) trials. Patient and treatment characteristics were analyzed. Results: Out of 2969 patients with EWS, 9 (0.3%) had primary mediastinal EWS. The median age at diagnosis was 30.5 years (4 to 49). At the time of diagnosis, n = 3 (33%) patients had synchronous metastases. All patients underwent multiagent chemotherapy. Local therapy for non-metastatic patients was surgery (n = 2, 22%), surgery and radiotherapy (n = 2, 22%) or radiotherapy alone (n = 2, 22%). Surgery consisted of extended resections in most patients (n = 3, 33%). Five-year survival for the whole cohort was 64%. Apart from one patient who was lost to follow-up, all patients (n = 4) who had undergone surgery were alive at the end of follow-up. Conclusions: Primary mediastinal ES is extremely rare, with a prevalence of 0.3% among EWS. Five-year survival was favorable compared to primary mediastinal sarcoma of all histologies and in line with EWS of different origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1735797910000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Primary Mediastinal Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma: Post Hoc Analysis from Two International Multicenter Prospective Randomized Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Theresa","family":"Stork","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, University of Witten\/Herdecke, 51109 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, West German Cancer Center, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4424-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ranft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, West German Cancer Center, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Aigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, West German Cancer Center, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heribert","family":"Jurgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth L.","family":"Ladenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Anna Children\u2019s Hospital and Children\u2019s Cancer Research Institute, Department of Studies and Statistics for Integrated Research and Projects, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, West German Cancer Center, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Center for Proton Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5435-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uta","family":"Dirksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, West German Cancer Center, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Collaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, University of Witten\/Herdecke, 51109 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center Essen, West German Cancer Center, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0003-x","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma","volume":"4","author":"Grunewald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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