{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:07Z","timestamp":1787027767289,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2012, the Department of Visceral Surgery of the Lausanne University Hospital CHUV implemented a dedicated high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) outpatient clinic for surveillance and follow-up purposes. This 10-year longitudinal study analyzed 537 patients (2214 visits) using a structured screening protocol. Dysplastic lesions were detected in 49% of patients, predominantly low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs, 74%). Among LSIL cases, 6% progressed to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) within 24 months, reaching 25% cumulative progression at 36 months. Of HSIL patients, 3% developed carcinoma in situ after 48 months. Notably, no invasive carcinoma was observed during the follow-up. Four patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma at initial screening were treated with chemoradiotherapy, and one required salvage surgery. Independent risk factors for the presence of higher-stage precancerous lesions (\u2265HSILs) were the presence of high-risk HPV genotypes (OR 14.5, 95% CI 5\u201342.2, p &lt; 0.001), detectable HIV viral load (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.8\u201316.7, p = 0.003), and symptoms at the first screening visit (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1\u20139.9, p = 0.04). HIV-positive status was associated with a trend towards an increased risk of progression (OR 2.79, p = 0.073). These findings highlight the importance of systematic follow-up and early intervention in high-risk populations to prevent anal cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17020193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T05:17:08Z","timestamp":1736399828000},"page":"193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anal Cancer Screening: 10-Year Experience of a Specialized Outpatient Clinic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3397-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iolanda","family":"Espirito Santo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7951-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaniel","family":"Kefleyesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7313-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Chilou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seraina","family":"Faes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Stadtspital Triemli, 8063 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Clerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital de Sion, 1951 Sion, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4521-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Hahnloser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Grass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.06.015","article-title":"Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. 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