{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:07:41Z","timestamp":1784732861267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive, and poor-prognosis systemic disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age, with a higher prevalence among individuals of Caucasian origin. However, there are limited reliable data on the prevalence of LAM during pregnancy. The fulminant respiratory clinical presentation that often includes progressive dyspnea on exertion, cough, or hemoptysis, frequently complicated by pneumothorax, and the increased risk of spontaneous abortion due to increased estrogen and progesterone production during gestation, are arguments that most often make the diagnosed woman avoid pregnancy. Elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), decline in respiratory function, and radiological findings are sufficient arguments in favor of the diagnosis in the pregnant woman. Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, has demonstrated effectiveness in slowing the decline of lung function. Although sirolimus treatment is often recommended to be discontinued before conception due to the increased risk of fetal growth restriction, maintaining a dose level of &lt;5 pcg\/mL, with serum drug levels of 3\u20135 pcg\/L, has been considered safe. Given the potential risks, individualized decisions about pregnancy are advised for patients with LAM. For those who choose to proceed, close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team is essential to manage complications effectively. Ongoing research aims to provide clearer guidance to optimize outcomes for both mother and child.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17020323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T09:11:13Z","timestamp":1737364273000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Pregnancy\u2014Do We Have All the Answers for a Woman Who Desires to Conceive?\u2014Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6742-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ancuta-Alina","family":"Constantin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Pneumology \u201cMarius Nasta\u201d, 050159 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Dumitrita","family":"Gaburici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Pneumology \u201cMarius Nasta\u201d, 050159 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Nicoleta","family":"Malaescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Pneumology \u201cMarius Nasta\u201d, 050159 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7420-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana-Luiza","family":"Iorga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Pneumology \u201cMarius Nasta\u201d, 050159 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana Diana Maria","family":"Dragosloveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1999-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea-Octavian","family":"Poenaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cBucur\u201d Maternity, Saint John Hospital, 012361 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel-Petre","family":"Gorecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, CF2 Clinical Hospital, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Amza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cBucur\u201d Maternity, Saint John Hospital, 012361 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai-Teodor","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cProf. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu\u201d Oncology Discipline, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona-Elena","family":"Dragomir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Bucharest University Emergency Hospital, 169 Splaiul Independentei, 050098 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9541-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina-Marina","family":"Sima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cBucur\u201d Maternity, Saint John Hospital, 012361 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1517\/21678707.2016.1148597","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"4","author":"Moss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. 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