{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:03Z","timestamp":1787027763274,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft tissue tumor that primarily occurs in the eye socket (orbit) of children. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, aiming to remove the tumor and prevent metastasis. (2) Methods: An institutional retrospective study was conducted with data from 39 patients with primary orbital RMS treated between 1995 and 2016 at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers\/Emma Children Hospital. (3) Results: The median age at presentation was 7 years (range, 9 months to 16 years). The median follow-up period was 9.4 years (range, 3 to 25 years). Ten underwent chemotherapy and excision without additional radiotherapy. A total of 29 patients received additional local treatment: Ablative surgery MOld technique with after loading brachytherapy and surgical REconstruction (AMORE) (N = 21), proton (N = 4) or external beam radiation treatment (EBRT; N = 4). We found 14 cases with recurrences, 9 of which underwent exenteration and two of which died. The 10-year overall survival rate was 95% and the EFS was 63%. (4) Conclusions: long-term follow-up with 10-year survival rate of orbital RMS in this series was 95% achieved by local tumor control and eye preservation in 77% of our study population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17040615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T08:05:42Z","timestamp":1739347542000},"page":"615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-Term Outcomes After Multidisciplinary Treatment for Pediatric Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur","family":"Khatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbital Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7659-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes H. M.","family":"Merks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen E.","family":"Markenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian V.","family":"Balgobind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cemile. D.","family":"Savci-Heijink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Morfouace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley R.","family":"Pieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peerooz","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orbital Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.07.110","article-title":"Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Staging, and Treatment Outcomes","volume":"190","author":"Elboraay","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2013.06.004","article-title":"Orbital rhabdomyosarcomas: A review","volume":"27","author":"Jurdy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi J. 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