{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:52:43Z","timestamp":1792601563356,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":212,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Khalifa University","award":["RIG-2023-051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIG-2023-051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CD8+ T cells are critical players in anti-tumor immunity against solid tumors, targeted by immunotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that CD8+ T cells also play a crucial role in anti-tumor responses and determining treatment outcomes in hematologic malignancies like myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we focus on the implication of CD8+ T cells in the treatment response of patients with MDS and AML. First, we review reported studies of aberrant functionality and clonality of CD8+ T cells in MDS and AML, often driven by the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment, which can hinder effective antitumor immunity. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of CD8+ T cell subpopulations, including memory and senescent-like subsets, as predictive biomarkers for treatment response to a variety of treatment regimens, such as hypomethylating agents, which is the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS, and chemotherapy which is the main treatment of patients with AML. Understanding the multifaceted role of CD8+ T cells and their interaction with malignant cells in MDS and AML will provide useful insights into their potential as prognostic\/predictive biomarkers, but also uncover alternative approaches to novel treatment strategies that could reshape the therapeutic landscape, thus improving treatment efficacy, aiding in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient survival in these challenging myeloid neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17050749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1740469508000},"page":"749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Emerging Role of CD8+ T Cells in Shaping Treatment Outcomes of Patients with MDS and AML"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tasis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research and Laboratory Medicine Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5325-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Spyropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9991-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Mitroulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research and Laboratory Medicine Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023166","article-title":"T-Cell Dysfunctions in Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"143","author":"Colla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2024.106942","article-title":"T Cell Landscape in the Microenvironment of Human Solid Tumors","volume":"270","author":"Maggi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0285-7","article-title":"The Immune Contexture and Immunoscore in Cancer Prognosis and Therapeutic Efficacy","volume":"20","author":"Bruni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31405","article-title":"Immune Surveillance of Tumors","volume":"117","author":"Swann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Lu, M., Qin, Y., Gao, W., Tao, L., Su, W., and Zhong, J. (2021). Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.672356"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00787-6","article-title":"Molecular Correlates and Therapeutic Targets in T Cell-Inflamed versus Non-T Cell-Inflamed Tumors across Cancer Types","volume":"12","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar3593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3593","article-title":"Pan-Tumor Genomic Biomarkers for PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade\u2013Based Immunotherapy","volume":"362","author":"Cristescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0277","article-title":"T Cell\u2013Inflamed versus Non-T Cell\u2013Inflamed Tumors: A Conceptual Framework for Cancer Immunotherapy Drug Development and Combination Therapy Selection","volume":"6","author":"Trujillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91190","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3-Related mRNA Profile Predicts Clinical Response to PD-1 Blockade","volume":"127","author":"Ayers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.2276","article-title":"T-Cell-Inflamed Gene-Expression Profile, Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression, and Tumor Mutational Burden Predict Efficacy in Patients Treated With Pembrolizumab Across 20 Cancers: KEYNOTE-028","volume":"37","author":"Ott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.02.003","article-title":"The STING Pathway and the T Cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"36","author":"Woo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3901","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1321","article-title":"Dendritic Cells, the T-Cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment, and Immunotherapy Treatment Response","volume":"26","author":"Garris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-22-0356","article-title":"CD8+ T Cell\u2013Dependent Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Overcomes Chemoresistance","volume":"11","author":"Lao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The Blockade of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13588","article-title":"CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion in Anti-Tumour Immunity: The New Insights for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"168","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035","article-title":"T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"12","author":"Wherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01048-4","article-title":"Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells in Cancer and Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"124","author":"Raskov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barakos, G.P., and Hatzimichael, E. (2022). Microenvironmental Features Driving Immune Evasion in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diseases, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10020033"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldmann, O., Nwofor, O.V., Chen, Q., and Medina, E. (2024). Mechanisms Underlying Immunosuppression by Regulatory Cells. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1328193"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.009","article-title":"The Tumor Microenvironment Represses T Cell Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Drive Intratumoral T Cell Metabolic Insufficiency and Dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Scharping","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.04.023","article-title":"Targeting T Cell Co-Receptors for Cancer Therapy","volume":"44","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0488-6","article-title":"The History and Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy: Understanding the Characteristics of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Their Therapeutic Implications","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01207-0","article-title":"CAR-T and CAR-NK as Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503093","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma","volume":"372","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.6270","article-title":"Durable Complete Response After Discontinuation of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma","volume":"36","author":"Robert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5950","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.1927","article-title":"Phase I\/II Study of Ipilimumab for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10026","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.10026","article-title":"Combination Anti-PD-1 and Ipilimumab (Ipi) Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma and Pre-Existing Autoimmune Disorders (AD)","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030","article-title":"Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma","volume":"373","author":"Larkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.008","article-title":"Tislelizumab Plus Platinum and Etoposide Versus Placebo Plus Platinum and Etoposide as First-Line Treatment for Extensive-Stage SCLC (RATIONALE-312): A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Phase 3 Clinical Trial","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915745","article-title":"Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"382","author":"Finn","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31953-X","article-title":"Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Combination with Sequential Nab-Paclitaxel and Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy versus Placebo and Chemotherapy in Patients with Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (IMpassion031): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"396","author":"Mittendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer Immunotherapy Using Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.36","article-title":"Mechanism-Driven Biomarkers to Guide Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Topalian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic\/Dendritic Neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0267-4","article-title":"Myelodysplastic Syndrome Progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia at the Stem Cell Level","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1904794","article-title":"Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"383","author":"Cazzola","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406184","article-title":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"373","author":"Weisdorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-019-01462-6","article-title":"Genetic Abnormalities and Pathophysiology of MDS","volume":"24","author":"Hosono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106968","article-title":"Clonal Architecture of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"366","author":"Walter","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.03.036","article-title":"Myelodysplastic Syndromes Are Propagated by Rare and Distinct Human Cancer Stem Cells In Vivo","volume":"25","author":"Woll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000942","article-title":"Genetics of Progression from MDS to Secondary Leukemia","volume":"136","author":"Menssen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-10-844696","article-title":"Treatment of MDS","volume":"133","author":"Platzbecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of AML in Adults: 2022 Recommendations from an International Expert Panel on Behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-420489","article-title":"Revised International Prognostic Scoring System for Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"120","author":"Greenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0118-9","article-title":"A Phase 3 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Epoetin-\u03b1 in Anemic Patients with Low-Risk MDS","volume":"32","author":"Fenaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908892","article-title":"Luspatercept in Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"382","author":"Fenaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-08-496935","article-title":"How We Treat Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"123","author":"Sekeres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00874-7","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Luspatercept versus Epoetin Alfa in Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent-Naive, Transfusion-Dependent, Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (COMMANDS): Interim Analysis of a Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"402","author":"Platzbecker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00765-8","article-title":"Management of Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Brunner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26984","article-title":"Myelodysplastic Syndromes: 2023 Update on Diagnosis, Risk-Stratification, and Management","volume":"98","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-08-604520","article-title":"An Update of Current Treatments for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Dombret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-779447","article-title":"Enasidenib Induces Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Differentiation to Promote Clinical Response","volume":"130","author":"Amatangelo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01529-2","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of FDA-Approved IDH Inhibitors in the Treatment of IDH Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008378","article-title":"Targeted Therapy with the Mutant IDH2 Inhibitor Enasidenib for High-Risk IDH2-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"7","author":"DiNardo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-1034","article-title":"AG-221, a First-in-Class Therapy Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Harboring Oncogenic IDH2 Mutations","volume":"7","author":"Yen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716984","article-title":"Durable Remissions with Ivosidenib in IDH1-Mutated Relapsed or Refractory AML","volume":"378","author":"DiNardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-779405","article-title":"Enasidenib in Mutant IDH2 Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"130","author":"Stein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007233","article-title":"Ivosidenib or Enasidenib Combined with Intensive Chemotherapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed AML: A Phase 1 Study","volume":"137","author":"Stein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01632","article-title":"Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitor Ivosidenib in Combination With Azacitidine for Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"39","author":"DiNardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01309-y","article-title":"Therapeutic Implications of Menin Inhibition in Acute Leukemias","volume":"35","author":"Issa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05812-3","article-title":"The Menin Inhibitor Revumenib in KMT2A-Rearranged or NPM1-Mutant Leukaemia","volume":"615","author":"Issa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00603-3","article-title":"Effective Menin Inhibitor-Based Combinations against AML with MLL Rearrangement or NPM1 Mutation (NPM1c)","volume":"12","author":"Fiskus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-06-653113","article-title":"Targeting of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment Improves Outcome in a Murine Model of Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"127","author":"Balderman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14331","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916206117","article-title":"Reversible Suppression of T Cell Function in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"117","author":"Lamble","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-023-00422-1","article-title":"Role of Innate Immunological\/Inflammatory Pathways in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and AML: A Narrative Review","volume":"12","author":"Vegivinti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.10.6021","article-title":"Microenvironment Produced by Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Prevents T Cell Activation and Proliferation by Inhibition of NF-kappaB, c-Myc, and pRb Pathways","volume":"167","author":"Buggins","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-03-784116","article-title":"Chronic Immune Response Dysregulation in MDS Pathogenesis","volume":"132","author":"Barreyro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.12.013","article-title":"Immune Dysregulation in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.103164","article-title":"Immune Evasion Mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Focus on Immune Checkpoint Pathways","volume":"157","author":"Taghiloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"403","article-title":"Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cells Secrete a Soluble Factor That Inhibits T and NK Cell Proliferation but Not Cytolytic Function\u2014Implications for the Adoptive Immunotherapy of Leukaemia","volume":"126","author":"Barber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.08.004","article-title":"The Cytokine Network in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Focus on pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mediators","volume":"43","author":"Binder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor. Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.186734","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor B1-Mediated Functional Inhibition of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"103","author":"Geyh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.024","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Signaling in Immunity and Cancer","volume":"50","author":"Batlle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zheng, L., Liu, Y., Yan, A., Zhang, Y., Chang, Q., Sha, S., and Xu, Z. (2023). Comprehensive Characterization of TGFB1 across Hematological Malignancies. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46552-8"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0797-3","article-title":"Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies: Friends or Foes","volume":"12","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0175-7","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Immunosuppression\u2014Implications for Anticancer Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Togashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5084","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-365817","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Is It Time for Immunomodulation?","volume":"118","author":"Ustun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12227","article-title":"CD4+CD25highforkhead Box Protein 3+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes Suppress Interferon-\u03b3 and CD107 Expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells from Tuberculous Pleural Effusions","volume":"175","author":"Geffner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.102","article-title":"Increased Regulatory T Cells Correlate With CD8 T-Cell Impairment and Poor Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients","volume":"132","author":"Fu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01182.x","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Hamdi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-067546","article-title":"CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)","volume":"110","author":"Kordasti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07921.x","article-title":"Immune Dysregulation and Dyserythropoiesis in the Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"148","author":"Alfinito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.333","article-title":"Kinetics, Function and Bone Marrow Trafficking of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)","volume":"23","author":"Kotsianidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-3010","article-title":"Increased Frequency and Suppression by Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Szczepanski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2005.00537.x","article-title":"Increased Population of CD4(+)CD25(High), Regulatory T Cells with Their Higher Apoptotic and Proliferating Status in Peripheral Blood of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25791","article-title":"Elevated Frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ CD127lo Regulatory T Cells Is Associated to Poor Prognosis in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31896","article-title":"The Distribution of T-Cell Subsets and the Expression of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands in Patients with Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"125","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022018246","article-title":"Mechanisms of Response and Resistance to Combined Decitabine and Ipilimumab for Advanced Myeloid Disease","volume":"141","author":"Penter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.031","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals AML Hierarchies Relevant to Disease Progression and Immunity","volume":"176","author":"Hovestadt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.5.2591","article-title":"CD8+ T Cell Immunity against a Tumor\/Self-Antigen Is Augmented by CD4+ T Helper Cells and Hindered by Naturally Occurring T Regulatory Cells","volume":"174","author":"Antony","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-275446","article-title":"Program Death-1 Signaling and Regulatory T Cells Collaborate to Resist the Function of Adoptively Transferred Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Advanced Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"116","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15496","article-title":"Reduced Regulatory T Cells (Treg) in Bone Marrow Preferentially Associate with the Expansion of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Low Risk MDS Patients","volume":"185","author":"Giovazzino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00670-9","article-title":"Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Immunosuppressive Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0333-1","article-title":"Immunosuppression Mediated by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) during Tumour Progression","volume":"120","author":"Groth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67580","article-title":"Induction of Myelodysplasia by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells","volume":"123","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1817431","article-title":"Increased Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Suppress CD8+ T Lymphocyte Function through the STAT3-ARG1 Pathway","volume":"62","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7363084","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7363084","article-title":"Circulating Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Elevated and Associated with Poor Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1469594","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1469594","article-title":"VISTA Is Highly Expressed on MDSCs and Mediates an Inhibition of T Cell Response in Patients with AML","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V116.21.4801.4801","article-title":"CD11b+gr-1+ Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) In Normal Bone Marrow Suppress T Cell Proliferation and Enhance T-Regulatory Function Via a IL10-, IL4- and IDO-Independent Mechanism","volume":"116","author":"Forghani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1062208","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1062208","article-title":"Expansion of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Correlates with Number of T Regulatory Cells and Disease Progression in Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Kittang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: Integrating Morphologic, Clinical, and Genomic Data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2023.2268273","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Where Do We Stand?","volume":"16","author":"Spillane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-127422","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Single-Center Experience","volume":"134","author":"Shallis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0774","article-title":"Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarkers of Response to Azacitidine and Nivolumab in Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Non-Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2 Study","volume":"9","author":"Daver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01232-2","article-title":"Autologous CD33-CAR-T Cells for Treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"35","author":"Tambaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0070","article-title":"Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab after High-Dose Cytarabine in Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"2","author":"Zeidner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02457-7","article-title":"A Phase II Trial of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, or Ipilimumab and Nivolumab with or without Azacitidine in Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Neoplasms","volume":"39","author":"Bouligny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.345.345","article-title":"Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 Inhibitor, in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) after Failure of Hypomethylating Agent Treatment","volume":"128","author":"Tallman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3763","article-title":"A Multi-Center Phase I Trial of Ipilimumab in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Following Hypomethylating Agent Failure","volume":"24","author":"Zeidan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01794","article-title":"Magrolimab in Combination With Azacitidine in Patients With Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Final Results of a Phase Ib Study","volume":"41","author":"Sallman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005487","article-title":"A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Azacitidine with or without Durvalumab as First-Line Therapy for Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"6","author":"Zeidan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601202","article-title":"Ipilimumab for Patients with Relapse after Allogeneic Transplantation","volume":"375","author":"Davids","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27161","article-title":"Phase Ib Study of Sabatolimab (MBG453), a Novel Immunotherapy Targeting TIM-3 Antibody, in Combination with Decitabine or Azacitidine in High- or Very High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"99","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17689","article-title":"Phase II Study of Azacitidine with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Intermediate-1 or Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"195","author":"Chien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2022.2034155","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for Myelodysplastic Syndromes after Failure of Hypomethylating Agents in the Phase 1b KEYNOTE-013 Study","volume":"63","author":"Ribrag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12464-3","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human T Cells Reveals Tissue and Activation Signatures in Health and Disease","volume":"10","author":"Szabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00574-3","article-title":"CD8+ T Cell Differentiation and Dysfunction in Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Philip","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-262071","article-title":"Recurrent Expression Signatures of Cytokines and Chemokines Are Present and Are Independently Prognostic in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplasia","volume":"116","author":"Kornblau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23138","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.23138","article-title":"Expression Patterns of Chemokine Receptors on Circulating T Cells from Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients","volume":"2","author":"Sand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2016.11.003","article-title":"Increased TIM3+CD8+T Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Displayed Less Perforin and Granzyme B Secretion and Higher CD95 Expression","volume":"51","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-206672","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 Interactions Inhibit Antitumor Immune Responses in a Murine Acute Myeloid Leukemia Model","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-310425","article-title":"Coexpression of Tim-3 and PD-1 Identifies a CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion Phenotype in Mice with Disseminated Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"117","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930391","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2021.1930391","article-title":"Increased Frequency of TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T Cells with a TOX+ TCF-1low Profile in Patients with Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed AML","volume":"10","author":"Brauneck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"5726","article-title":"Increased Lactate in AML Blasts Upregulates TOX Expression, Leading to Exhaustion of CD8+ Cytolytic T Cells","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.58","article-title":"PD-1hiTIM-3+ T Cells Associate with and Predict Leukemia Relapse in AML Patients Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"5","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1792","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.162","article-title":"T-Cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133679","article-title":"Senescent T Cells within Suppressive Tumor Microenvironments: Emerging Target for Tumor Immunotherapy","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0344-8","article-title":"Exhaustion and Senescence: Two Crucial Dysfunctional States of T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment|Cellular & Molecular Immunology","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.12.003","article-title":"T Cell Anergy, Exhaustion, Senescence, and Stemness in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"25","author":"Crespo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"382","article-title":"Role of CD8 T Cell Replicative Senescence in Human Aging and in HIV-Mediated Immunosenescence","volume":"2","author":"Dock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","article-title":"Immunosenescence: Molecular Mechanisms and Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00256.x","article-title":"CD28 Extinction in Human T Cells: Altered Functions and the Program of T-Cell Senescence","volume":"205","author":"Vallejo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-416040","article-title":"Human Regulatory T Cells Induce T-Lymphocyte Senescence","volume":"120","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2103","article-title":"Expression of CD57 Defines Replicative Senescence and Antigen-Induced Apoptotic Death of CD8+ T Cells","volume":"101","author":"Brenchley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00736-6","article-title":"Increased Cytotoxic T Cells with Effector Phenotype in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia","volume":"29","author":"Kook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404590","article-title":"Prevalence and Clinical Association of Clonal T-Cell Expansions in Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Painter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120974","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120974","article-title":"Signatures of CD8+ T Cell Dysfunction in AML Patients and Their Reversibility with Response to Chemotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Knaus","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-3003","article-title":"Characterization of Immune Dysfunction and Identification of Prognostic Immune-Related Risk Factors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023021680","article-title":"CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation and Dysfunction Inform Treatment Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"144","author":"Mazziotta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5247","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70355","article-title":"P53 Isoforms Regulate Aging- and Tumor-Associated Replicative Senescence in T Lymphocytes","volume":"123","author":"Mondal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159579","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI159579","article-title":"Immune Dysfunction Signatures Predict Outcomes and Define Checkpoint Blockade-Unresponsive Microenvironments in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"132","author":"Rutella","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-206946","article-title":"Peripheral Blood T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients at Diagnosis Have Abnormal Phenotype and Genotype and Form Defective Immune Synapses with AML Blasts","volume":"114","author":"Taussig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1865-y","article-title":"Reduced Potency of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Patients with High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"65","author":"Sand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas, H.A., Reville, P.K., Jiang, X., Yang, H., Reuben, A., Im, J.S., Little, L., Sinson, J.C., Chen, K., and Futreal, A. (2021). Response to Hypomethylating Agents in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Is Associated With Emergence of Novel TCR Clonotypes. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.659625"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S., Li, Y., Qiao, J., Meng, X., He, Z., Gao, X., and Yu, L. (2022). Antigen-Specific TCR-T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Challenges. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.787108"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26282-z","article-title":"Single Cell T Cell Landscape and T Cell Receptor Repertoire Profiling of AML in Context of PD-1 Blockade Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2015.06.007","article-title":"Azacitidine Improves the T-Cell Repertoire in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Multilineage Dysplasia","volume":"39","author":"Fozza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7446","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7446","article-title":"The Influence of Age on T Cell Generation and TCR Diversity","volume":"174","author":"Naylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00823-w","article-title":"T Cell Receptor (TCR) Signaling in Health and Disease","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-22-0961","article-title":"Single-Cell Profiling of CD8+ T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals a Continuous Spectrum of Differentiation and Clonal Hyperexpansion","volume":"11","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2009.04.009","article-title":"Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Display Several T-Cell Expansions, Which Are Mostly Polyclonal in the CD4(+) Subset and Oligoclonal in the CD8(+) Subset","volume":"37","author":"Fozza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_152","first-page":"3973","article-title":"Clonal Expansion of Bone Marrow CD8+ T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients at New Diagnosis and after Chemotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2626","article-title":"T-Cell Immunoglobulin and ITIM Domain (TIGIT) Associates with CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion and Poor Clinical Outcome in AML Patients","volume":"22","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-0108","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 Interactions Contribute to Functional T-Cell Impairment in Patients Who Relapse with Cancer after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"71","author":"Norde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz0463","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz0463","article-title":"Immune Landscapes Predict Chemotherapy Resistance and Immunotherapy Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Vadakekolathu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08871-1","article-title":"Bone Marrow Central Memory and Memory Stem T-Cell Exhaustion in AML Patients Relapsing after HSCT","volume":"10","author":"Noviello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023021815","article-title":"The Remission Status of AML Patients after Allo-HCT Is Associated with a Distinct Single-Cell Bone Marrow T-Cell Signature","volume":"143","author":"Mathioudaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4463","article-title":"SCENIC: Single-Cell Regulatory Network Inference and Clustering","volume":"14","author":"Aibar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.8.2301","article-title":"Nuclear Factor-kappaB Is Constitutively Activated in Primitive Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells","volume":"98","author":"Guzman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23785","article-title":"The Prognostic Significance of Cytokine Levels in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"113","author":"Tsimberidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348144","article-title":"TNF\u03b1 Facilitates Clonal Expansion of JAK2V617F Positive Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms","volume":"118","author":"Fleischman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.06.003","article-title":"The Roles of CD8+ T Cell Subsets in Antitumor Immunity","volume":"30","author":"Ohashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0310","article-title":"Single-Cell Analysis of Bone Marrow CD8+ T Cells in Myeloid Neoplasms Reveals Pathways Associated with Disease Progression and Response to Treatment with Azacitidine","volume":"4","author":"Tasis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01218-0","article-title":"Hypomethylating Agents (HMA) for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Mechanisms of Resistance and Novel HMA-Based Therapies","volume":"35","author":"Stomper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020079","article-title":"Clinical Decision-Making and Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"142","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2135","article-title":"Approval Summary: Azacitidine for Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Subtypes","volume":"11","author":"Kaminskas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.8329","article-title":"Azacitidine Prolongs Overall Survival Compared with Conventional Care Regimens in Elderly Patients with Low Bone Marrow Blast Count Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Fenaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70003-8","article-title":"Efficacy of Azacitidine Compared with That of Conventional Care Regimens in the Treatment of Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Randomised, Open-Label, Phase III Study","volume":"10","author":"Fenaux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.05.010","article-title":"Azacitidine in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"116","author":"Schuh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"53","article-title":"Decitabine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Elderly Patients","volume":"6","author":"Malik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.8135","article-title":"Outcome of High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome after Azacitidine Treatment Failure","volume":"29","author":"Gore","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16228","article-title":"Multi-Dimensional Analysis Identifies an Immune Signature Predicting Response to Decitabine Treatment in Elderly Patients with AML","volume":"188","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009081","article-title":"Venetoclax Enhances T Cell-Mediated Antileukemic Activity by Increasing ROS Production","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00615-7","article-title":"Azacitidine-Induced Reconstitution of the Bone Marrow T Cell Repertoire Is Associated with Superior Survival in AML Patients","volume":"12","author":"Grimm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010867","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Features of CTLA-4 Blockade for Relapsed Myeloid Malignancies after Transplantation","volume":"137","author":"Penter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-23-0402","article-title":"Single-Cell CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Secretome Profiling Reveals Temporal and Niche Differences in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy","volume":"4","author":"Root","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"abe6474","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe6474","article-title":"Pan-Cancer Single-Cell Landscape of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells","volume":"374","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-189858","article-title":"Single-Cell Multiomics Analysis Reveals Potential Drivers of Response to the Anti-TIM3 Inhibitor Sabatolimab Combined with Azacitidine in MDS and CMML","volume":"142","author":"Dey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-1696","article-title":"Activation of a Subset of Evolutionarily Young Transposable Elements and Innate Immunity Are Linked to Clinical Responses to 5-Azacytidine","volume":"80","author":"Ohtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.011","article-title":"Inhibiting DNA Methylation Causes an Interferon Response in Cancer via dsRNA Including Endogenous Retroviruses","volume":"162","author":"Chiappinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.056","article-title":"DNA-Demethylating Agents Target Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing Viral Mimicry by Endogenous Transcripts","volume":"162","author":"Roulois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.10.012","article-title":"TGF-Beta Directly Targets Cytotoxic T Cell Functions during Tumor Evasion of Immune Surveillance","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.04.002","article-title":"TGF-Beta and Immune Cells: An Important Regulatory Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Progression","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.14","article-title":"5-Azacytidine Treatment Sensitizes Tumor Cells to T-Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity and Modulates NK Cells in Patients with Myeloid Malignancies","volume":"4","author":"Gang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008221","article-title":"Venetoclax Treatment in Patients with Cancer Has Limited Impact on Circulating T and NK Cells","volume":"7","author":"Teh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corradi, G., Forte, D., Cristiano, G., Polimeno, A., Ciciarello, M., Salvestrini, V., Bandini, L., Robustelli, V., Ottaviani, E., and Cavo, M. (2024). Ex Vivo Characterization of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Hypomethylating Agents and Venetoclax Regimen Reveals a Venetoclax-Specific Effect on Non-Suppressive Regulatory T Cells and Bona Fide PD-1+TIM3+ Exhausted CD8+ T Cells. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1386517"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6078","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-212291","article-title":"BCL-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax Shows Synergistic Effects on CD8 T Cell Proliferation and Blast Death in Vitro When Combined with Anti PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor","volume":"144","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhigarev, D., Varshavsky, A., MacFarlane, A.W., Jayaguru, P., Barreyro, L., Khoreva, M., Dulaimi, E., Nejati, R., Drenberg, C., and Campbell, K.S. (2022). Lymphocyte Exhaustion in AML Patients and Impacts of HMA\/Venetoclax or Intensive Chemotherapy on Their Biology. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143352"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01064-0","article-title":"T Cells with High BCL-2 Expression Induced by Venetoclax Impact Anti-Leukemic Immunity \u201cGraft-versus-Leukemia Effects\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-02127-0","article-title":"Combining Venetoclax and Azacytidine with T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Preclinical Assessment","volume":"38","author":"Neumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00475","article-title":"Immune Biology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Implications for Immunotherapy","volume":"39","author":"Khaldoyanidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes Following CAR T Cell Therapy: What We Know so Far","volume":"20","author":"Cappell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817226","article-title":"Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy Bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"380","author":"Raje","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2019.05.002","article-title":"CD123 CAR T Cells for the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guijarro-Albaladejo, B., Marrero-Cepeda, C., Rodr\u00edguez-Arbol\u00ed, E., Sierro-Mart\u00ednez, B., P\u00e9rez-Sim\u00f3n, J.A., and Garc\u00eda-Guerrero, E. (2024). Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Modified T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Limitations and Expectations. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1376554"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50485-9","article-title":"C-JUN Overexpressing CAR-T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Preclinical Characterization and Phase I Trial","volume":"15","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009759","article-title":"Proof of Concept for a Rapidly Switchable Universal CAR-T Platform with UniCAR-T-CD123 in Relapsed\/Refractory AML","volume":"137","author":"Wermke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0307","article-title":"Phase I Trial of Autologous CAR T Cells Targeting NKG2D Ligands in Patients with AML\/MDS and Multiple Myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Baumeister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00378-7","article-title":"CYAD-01, an Autologous NKG2D-Based CAR T-Cell Therapy, in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Multiple Myeloma (THINK): Haematological Cohorts of the Dose Escalation Segment of a Phase 1 Trial","volume":"10","author":"Sallman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4584","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-170201","article-title":"Safety and Anti-Leukemic Activity of CD123-CAR T Cells in Pediatric Patients with AML: Preliminary Results from a Phase 1 Trial","volume":"140","author":"Naik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01703-0","article-title":"Characteristics of Anti-CLL1 Based CAR-T Therapy for Children with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Multi-Center Efficacy and Safety Interim Analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Driouk, L., Gicobi, J.K., Kamihara, Y., Rutherford, K., Dranoff, G., Ritz, J., and Baumeister, S.H.C. (2020). Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting NKG2D-Ligands Show Robust Efficacy Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia and T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.580328"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29668-9","article-title":"Allogeneic TCR\u03b1\u03b2 Deficient CAR T-Cells Targeting CD123 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"13","author":"Sugita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49529-x","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptional Profile of CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells from Del(5q) Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Impact of Lenalidomide","volume":"15","author":"Serrano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014670","article-title":"Single-Cell Genomics in AML: Extending the Frontiers of AML Research","volume":"141","author":"Ediriwickrema","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redavid, I., Conserva, M.R., Anelli, L., Zagaria, A., Specchia, G., Musto, P., and Albano, F. (2022). Single-Cell Sequencing: Ariadne\u2019s Thread in the Maze of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040996"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.04.001","article-title":"Clonally Resolved Single-Cell Multi-Omics Identifies Routes of Cellular Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"30","author":"Merbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36969-0","article-title":"Longitudinal Single-Cell Profiling of Chemotherapy Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Naldini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, H., Wang, F., Zeng, A., Murison, A., Tomczak, K., Hao, D., Jelloul, F.Z., Wang, B., Barrodia, P., and Liang, S. (2023). Single-Cell Chromatin Accessibility Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals Heterogeneous Lineage Composition upon Therapy-Resistance. Commun. Biol., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05120-6"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01480-1","article-title":"Single-Cell Multi-Omics Identifies Chronic Inflammation as a Driver of TP53-Mutant Leukemic Evolution","volume":"55","author":"Norfo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01999-x","article-title":"Single-Cell Multiomics Analysis Reveals Dynamic Clonal Evolution and Targetable Phenotypes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complex Karyotype","volume":"56","author":"Grimes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-147529","article-title":"Single-Cell Multi-Omics Defines the Cell-Type Specific Impact of SF3B1 Splicing Factor Mutations on Hematopoietic Differentiation in Human Clonal Hematopoiesis and Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"138","author":"Gaiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/5\/749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:40:27Z","timestamp":1760028027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/5\/749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"references-count":212,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17050749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17050749","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]}}}