{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:36:33Z","timestamp":1790361393873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering remarkable outcomes for patients across various malignancies. However, the heterogeneous response to immunotherapy underscores the necessity of understanding additional factors influencing treatment efficacy. Among these factors, the human microbiota has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating immune response. Body: This review explores the intricate relationship between the human microbiota and cancer immunotherapy, highlighting recent advances and potential mechanisms underlying microbial influence on treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Insights into the microbiome\u2019s impact on immunotherapy response not only deepen our understanding of cancer pathogenesis but also hold promise for personalized therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17050813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T08:04:44Z","timestamp":1740643484000},"page":"813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unlocking the Microbial Symphony: The Interplay of Human Microbiota in Cancer Immunotherapy Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3657-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Chacon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Faizuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack C.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6246-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aadil","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Victor M.","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0030-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrikanth S.","family":"Gadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghislaine","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1026-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Siby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4390-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subramanian","family":"Dhandayuthapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"},{"name":"L. 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