{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:55:49Z","timestamp":1790978149200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC)","award":["2020-24440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-24440"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC)","award":["(MUR)-EU ARS01_00906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(MUR)-EU ARS01_00906"]}]},{"name":"National Operational Program (PON), Ministry of the University and Research (MUR)-EU","award":["2020-24440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-24440"]}]},{"name":"National Operational Program (PON), Ministry of the University and Research (MUR)-EU","award":["(MUR)-EU ARS01_00906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(MUR)-EU ARS01_00906"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Every year, more than 150,000 cases of multiple myeloma (MM) are diagnosed worldwide, and over 100,000 deaths caused by this malignancy are recorded. MM incidence is increasing globally, particularly in high-income countries and in the male population aged \u2265 50. While advances in treatment strategies have led to the improvement of survival over the past decades, MM remains incurable in a large percentage of cases. Importantly, about one-third of patients diagnosed with MM are &gt;75 years old and are characterized by relatively low fitness or frailty. These patients are more vulnerable to stressors and present lower resistance to cancer and related treatments. Therefore, patients\u2019 fitness and frailty should become part of the standard assessment in MM, and flexible therapeutic options should apply. A careful review of studies investigating the management of frail patients with MM strongly supports the use of a dynamic evaluation of effectiveness and adverse events associated with current treatments in the context of patient-specific frailty and co-morbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17060944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T10:04:51Z","timestamp":1741687491000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Challenges in Multiple Myeloma Therapy in Older and Frail Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Aureli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Marziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department, Sant\u2019Anna University Hospital, Via A. Moro, 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8735-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Sconocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmario","family":"Pasqualone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio Cesare","family":"Spagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0245-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Venditti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sconocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198006123022405","article-title":"Smoldering Multiple Myeloma","volume":"302","author":"Kyle","year":"1980","journal-title":"N. 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