{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:16:03Z","timestamp":1785867363399,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The heterogeneity of sarcomas and resulting distinct sub-type specific characteristics, their high recurrence rates, and tendency for distant metastasis, continue to present significant challenges to providing optimal treatments. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of current literature and clinical trials in gene and cell therapies for sarcomas. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and clinicaltrials.gov. Search terms included \u201cgene therapy\u201d, \u201ccell therapy\u201d, \u201cNK cell therapy, \u201cCAR-T therapy\u201d, \u201cvirotherapy\u201d, \u201csarcoma\u201d, \u201cgene therapy\u201d, and \u201csolid tumors\u201d. Additional sources were identified through manual searching for references of relevant studies. No language restrictions were set. The NCT number, study status, condition, and phase were noted for clinical trials. Results: There are only three gene and cell therapies for sarcomas that have been approved by a federal regulatory agency. Rexin-G: the first tumor-targeted gene therapy vector designed to target all advanced solid malignancies, including chemo-refractory osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas, was approved by the Philippine FDA in 2007. Gendicine was the first oncolytic virus approved for intratumoral delivery in China in 2003. Afami-cel, an innovative chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, was approved for synovial sarcoma in the United States in 2024. Other promising therapies are discussed in the text. Conclusions: The future of gene and cell therapy for sarcomas holds great promise, as research moves to late-stage clinical development. The integration of gene and cell therapies into standard sarcoma treatment protocols has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life and outcomes for patients with this rare and challenging group of cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17071125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T12:41:02Z","timestamp":1743079262000},"page":"1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gene and Cell Therapy for Sarcomas: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sant P.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Oncology Center\/Cancer Center of Southern California, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skyler S.","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Oncology Center\/Cancer Center of Southern California, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshit","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Oncology Center\/Cancer Center of Southern California, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Oncology Center\/Cancer Center of Southern California, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"},{"name":"Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal S.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Oncology Center\/Cancer Center of Southern California, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Y.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NKGen Biotech, Inc., Santa Ana, CA 92705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick L.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delta Next-Gene, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erlinda M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcoma Oncology Center\/Cancer Center of Southern California, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"},{"name":"Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"},{"name":"Delta Next-Gene, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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