{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:59:10Z","timestamp":1780466350530,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Relapsed\/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (r\/r\/NHL) is an aggressive disease with overall poor response rates to chemo-immunotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplant, especially in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Major improvements in this disease space have come through the incorporation of novel immune therapies, including CD19\/CD20 directed CAR-T cells and bispecific antibodies. These exciting new therapies continue to change the landscape of treatment for r\/r NHL and have been incorporated in earlier lines of therapy with demonstrated efficacy and patient safety. In this review, the role of these treatments in the management of relapsed\/refractory NHL is discussed in detail along with future directions of research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17071192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T05:29:19Z","timestamp":1743485359000},"page":"1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Current State of Bispecific Antibodies and T-Cell Directed Therapy in NHL"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Austin","family":"Kordic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Division of Lymphoma, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2143-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tycel Jovelle","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Division of Lymphoma, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2120-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-769620","article-title":"Outcomes in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Results from the international SCHOLAR-1 study","volume":"130","author":"Crump","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512073332305","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"333","author":"Philip","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. 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