{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:57:48Z","timestamp":1788512268465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Total skin irradiation (TSI) is a radiotherapy technique used to treat cutaneous lymphomas, such as mycosis fungoides. A key aspect of the success of the treatment is the correct positioning of the patient, which ensures a homogeneous distribution of radiation over the skin surface, minimizing exposure to the surrounding healthy tissues. Materials and Methods: Following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O\u2019Malley framework, electronic searches of EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Web of Science were conducted to identify original studies detailing positioning techniques for TSI in clinical practice. Results: A total of 44 studies were included, reporting a range of positioning techniques used in TSI. The selected articles were divided into four categories: Stanford, rotational, tomotherapy, and mixed (including studies comparing two or more of the previously mentioned techniques). Articles concerning the Stanford technique were predominant (n = 33; 75.0%), followed by those addressing the rotational technique (n = 5; 11.4%), tomotherapy (n = 3; 6.8%), and mixed (n = 3; 6.8%). Studies on the Stanford technique described both the original method and its modifications, including variations such as the lying position, and analyzed its strengths and limitations. Research on the rotational method examined different device configurations and implementation strategies to optimize dose distribution and treatment efficiency. Mixed articles compared the Stanford and rotational techniques, highlighting their similar dose uniformity while examining differences in treatment efficiency and practical implementation. Conclusions: Despite its widespread use, the Stanford technique is associated with challenges that have led to the exploration of alternative positioning strategies. The rotational technique addresses some of these limitations, while tomotherapy offers advanced immobilization but raises toxicity concerns. Future research should focus on optimizing the balance between efficacy, safety, and practicality of treatment in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17081276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T12:05:56Z","timestamp":1744200356000},"page":"1276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Patient Positioning and Treatment Techniques in Total Skin Irradiation: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3600-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lastrucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Canzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Haghighatjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cM. Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Iosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Wandael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Giansanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre TISP, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Mangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cM. Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4123-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Pallotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cM. Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Simontacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Livi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cM. Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(77)90182-1","article-title":"The rationale for curative radiotherapy in mycosis fungoides","volume":"2","author":"Hoppe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(18)30058-3","article-title":"Electron Beam Treatment for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hematol.\/Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karzmark, C.J., Anderson, J., Buffa, A., Fessenden, P., Khan, F., Svensson, G., Wright, K., Almond, P., Fraass, B., and Hogstrom, K. (1987). Total Skin Electron Therapy: Technique and Dosimetry, American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Report No. 23.","DOI":"10.37206\/22"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-3947(02)00235-2","article-title":"Total skin electron irradiation: Evaluation of dose uniformity throughout the skin surface","volume":"28","author":"Anacak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3442301","article-title":"Total skin electron therapy (TSET): A reimplementation using radiochromic films and IAEA TRS-398 code of practice","volume":"37","author":"Schiapparelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2013.33379","article-title":"Total skin electron irradiation techniques: A review","volume":"1","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199809050937","article-title":"Total Skin Electron Irradiation in Mycosis Fungoides Dose and Fractionation Considerations","volume":"30","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"645","article-title":"Problems and solutions in achieving uniform dose distribution in superficial total body electron therapy","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(88)90306-9","article-title":"Total skin electron irradiation for mycosis fungoides: Relationship between acute toxicities and measured dose at different anatomic sites","volume":"15","author":"Desai","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100664","article-title":"Total Body Irradiation and Total Skin Irradiation Techniques in Belgium and the Netherlands: Current Clinical Practice","volume":"6","author":"Koken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/52924135","article-title":"A preliminary comparison of total skin electron treatment techniques to demonstrate the application of a mid-torso phantom for measurement of dose penetration","volume":"84","author":"Baugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1148\/74.4.633","article-title":"A Technique for Large-Field, Superficial Electron Therapy","volume":"74","author":"Karzmark","year":"1960","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1148\/94.3.635","article-title":"Patient Dosimetry in the Electron Treatment of Large Superficial Lesions","volume":"94","author":"Page","year":"1970","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1507-1367(06)71047-1","article-title":"The rotary dual technique for total skin irradiation in the treatment of mycosis fungoides\u2014A description of the applied method","volume":"11","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(82)80156-6","article-title":"Comparison of dose distribution with different techniques of total skin electron beam therapy","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3315390","article-title":"A conceptual design of rotating board technique for delivering total skin electron therapy","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2013.07.002","article-title":"Technical and dosimetric aspects of the total skin electron beam technique implemented at Heidelberg University Hospital","volume":"19","author":"Hensley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, G.X., Osmundson, E.C., Shinohara, E., Newman, N.B., Price, M., and Kirschner, A.N. (2021). Monte Carlo study on dose distributions from total skin electron irradiation therapy (TSET). Phys. Med. Biol., 66.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abedd7"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R427","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/13\/R24","article-title":"History of tomotherapy","volume":"51","author":"Mackie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80058-7","article-title":"Tomotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Mackie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.190616","article-title":"Types of studies and research design","volume":"60","author":"Kapoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(86)90361-5","article-title":"Dose distribution in total skin electron beam irradiation using the six-field technique","volume":"12","author":"Gillin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(89)90457-4","article-title":"Total skin electron arc irradiation using a reclined patient position","volume":"17","author":"Gerbi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(89)90461-6","article-title":"Combined total body X-ray irradiation and total skin electron beam radiotherapy with an improved technique for mycosis fungoides","volume":"17","author":"Halberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90252-Q","article-title":"Total skin electron therapy: A technique which can be implemented on a conventional electron linear accelerator","volume":"27","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-3947(95)00013-M","article-title":"Implementation of total skin electron therapy using an optional high dose rate mode on a conventional linear accelerator","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00161-Q","article-title":"Evaluation of dose variation during total skin electron irradiation using thermoluminescent dosimeters","volume":"33","author":"Weaver","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-3947(95)02010-1","article-title":"A method for total skin electron treatment for infants","volume":"20","author":"Earley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00141-7","article-title":"Lying-on position of total skin electron therapy","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00585-3","article-title":"Utilization of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry in Total Skin Electron Beam Radiotherapy of Mycosis Fungoides","volume":"40","author":"Antolak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/7\/306","article-title":"Composite depth dose measurement for total skin electron (TSE) treatments using radiochromic film","volume":"48","author":"Gamble","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.02.057","article-title":"Two-dimensional mapping of underdosed areas using radiochromic film for patients undergoing total skin electron beam radiotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Gamble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-7-40","article-title":"A technique for pediatric total skin electron irradiation","volume":"7","author":"Bao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2011.03.007","article-title":"First application of total skin electron beam irradiation in Greece: Setup, measurements and dosimetry","volume":"28","author":"Platoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i5.4309","article-title":"Total skin electron therapy in the lying-on-the-floor position using a customized flattening filter to accommodate frail patients","volume":"14","author":"Deufel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i5.4388","article-title":"Dosimetric characterization and optimization of a customized Stanford Total Skin Electron Irradiation (TSEI) technique","volume":"14","author":"Caprile","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2013.10.004","article-title":"A novel approach to total skin irradiation using helical TomoTherapy","volume":"4","author":"Sarfehnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pract. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064301","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4882336","article-title":"Total skin electron beam therapy using an inclinable couch on motorized table and a compensating filter","volume":"85","author":"Fuse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2013.07.001","article-title":"Advantages and implications of high dose rate (HDR) total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) for the management of Mycosis Fungoides. Indian experience","volume":"19","author":"Parida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i6.6367","article-title":"The dose penumbra of a custom-made shield used in hemibody skin electron irradiation","volume":"17","author":"Rivers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4939880","article-title":"Cherenkov imaging method for rapid optimization of clinical treatment geometry in total skin electron beam therapy","volume":"43","author":"Andreozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2016.12.002","article-title":"Dose distributions and percentage depth dose measurements for a total skin electron therapy","volume":"106","author":"Licona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.05.002","article-title":"In-vivo dosimetric analysis in total skin electron beam therapy","volume":"6","author":"Elsayad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12457","article-title":"A technique for total skin electron therapy (TSET) of an anesthetized pediatric patient","volume":"19","author":"Kron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P05029","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/13\/05\/P05029","article-title":"Monte Carlo study and design of system for implementation of Rotational Total Skin Electron Irradiation technique","volume":"13","author":"Ansari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-017-1721-3","article-title":"Failure modes and effects analysis of total skin electron irradiation technique","volume":"20","author":"Bautista","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12579","article-title":"A Helical tomotherapy as a robust low-dose treatment alternative for total skin irradiation","volume":"20","author":"Haraldsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2018.05.002","article-title":"Three dimensional printed electron beam modifier for total skin electron treatments","volume":"44","author":"Diamantopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_1020_16","article-title":"Dosimetric evaluation of electron total skin irradiation using gafchromic film and thermoluminescent dosimetry","volume":"15","author":"Falahati","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12921","article-title":"Validation of the dosimetry of total skin irradiation techniques by Monte Carlo simulation","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13119","article-title":"Investigation of effect of filter on the stand-up technique for total skin irradiation by Monte Carlo simulation","volume":"22","author":"Tseng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tipsro.2021.03.002","article-title":"Technical report: 3D-printed patient-specific scalp shield for hair preservation in total skin electron beam therapy","volume":"18","author":"Rahimy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tech. Innov. Patient Support Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100698","article-title":"Recumbent Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Ackerson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"425","article-title":"Evaluation of Dose Distribution in Optimized Stanford Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) Technique in Rando Anthropomorphic Phantom using EBT3 Gafchromatic Films","volume":"11","author":"Monzari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Phys. Eng."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"116280R","article-title":"Cherenkov imaging for total skin electron therapy: An evaluation of dose uniformity","volume":"11628","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6646","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15907","article-title":"Skin dose distributions between Stanford and rotational techniques in total skin electron therapy (TSET)","volume":"49","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_72_22","article-title":"In vivo Dosimetry for Dose Verification of Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy Using Gafchromic\u00ae EBT3 Film Dosimetry","volume":"47","author":"Baba","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zemedi.2021.09.004","article-title":"Dosimetry, Optimization and FMEA of Total Skin Electron Irradiation (TSEI)","volume":"32","author":"Shariff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Pi, Y., Guo, Y., Pei, X., and Xu, X.G. (2022). Influencing Factors of Total Skin Irradiation With Helical Tomotherapy. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.852345"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2010.09.001","article-title":"Clinical implementation of total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy: A review of the relevant literature","volume":"27","author":"Diamantopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2022.08.006","article-title":"Computational dose visualization & comparison in total skin electron treatment suggests superior coverage by the rotational versus the Stanford technique","volume":"53","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1013-2","article-title":"Bone marrow suppression as a complication of total skin helical tomotherapy in the treatment of mycosis fungoides","volume":"13","author":"Schaff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.11.007","article-title":"Helical Skin Radiation Therapy Including Total Skin Radiation Therapy Using Tomotherapy for Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma With Bone Marrow Suppression as a Related Adverse Event","volume":"11","author":"Kitaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract. Radiat. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/8\/1276\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:11:53Z","timestamp":1760029913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/8\/1276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17081276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17081276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]}}}