{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:09:01Z","timestamp":1789502941188,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The management of ocular tumors often necessitates surgery, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other modalities. While crucial for tumor control, these treatments can significantly impact the ocular surface, leading to both acute and chronic complications. This review examines iatrogenic ocular surface diseases resulting from oncologic interventions, emphasizing their pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify studies on iatrogenic ocular surface complications associated with ocular tumor treatments. Results: Ocular surface complications include direct damage from surgical manipulation, leading to corneal opacities and persistent epithelial defects, as well as dry eye disease secondary to postoperative chemosis. These disruptions may progress to more severe conditions such as keratopathy, corneal ulcers, limbal stem cell deficiency, and stromal scarring, further impairing visual function. Structural alterations contribute to eyelid malpositions\u2014including ectropion, entropion, round eye, and lagophthalmos\u2014which exacerbate exposure-related damage and ocular surface instability. In cases of uveal melanomas, the exposure of episcleral brachytherapy plaques can induce chronic conjunctival irritation, promoting adhesion formation and symblepharon. Surgical interventions disrupt ocular surface homeostasis, while radiotherapy and chemotherapy exacerbate these effects through cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms. Conclusions: Preventing and managing iatrogenic ocular surface complications require a multidisciplinary approach involving early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and targeted postoperative care. Comprehensive pre- and postoperative planning is essential to optimize both visual function and long-term ocular surface integrity, ultimately ensuring a balance between oncologic control with functional and aesthetic preservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T03:17:32Z","timestamp":1745291852000},"page":"1384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Iatrogenic Ocular Surface Complications After Surgery for Ocular and Adnexal Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Angela","family":"Romeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Taloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forl\u00ec \u201cVilla Igea\u201d, 47122 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia, 47122 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5262-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Borselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Di Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Mollace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemnt of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Carnovale-Scalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Scorcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giannaccare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannaccare, G., Bernabei, F., Angi, M., Pellegrini, M., Maestri, A., Romano, V., Scorcia, V., and Rothschild, P.-R. 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