{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:47:23Z","timestamp":1791924443471,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical use of T lymphocytes engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has revolutionized the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed hematological malignancies. CAR natural killer (CAR-NK) cells are NK cells engineered with CARs to specifically target cell antigens expressed on the membrane of tumor cells. CAR-NK cells could offer some advantages with respect to CAR-T cells, related to their specific and innate anti-tumor activity, availability as an \u201coff the shelf\u201d cellular therapy, reduced costs, and improved safety. Promising efficacy of CAR-Nk cell therapy was observed in clinical trials based on the treatment of some hematological malignancies. However, to date, the clinical experience of CAR-NK cell therapy has been preliminary, with the evaluation of only a limited number of patients. Furthermore, CAR-NK cell therapy has been limited by the short persistence of these cells and by the suboptimal cytotoxic activity of some CAR-NK preparations. Therefore, studies based on the enrollment of a number of patients is required to carefully assess and confirm the safety and the efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy in hematological malignancies and to compare their efficacy with respect to allogeneic CAR-T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T05:21:31Z","timestamp":1745817691000},"page":"1454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Emerging Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer Cells for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"Testa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germana","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-024-03793-1","article-title":"Novel treatment strategies for hematological malignancies in the immunotherapy era","volume":"120","author":"Imai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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