{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:53:03Z","timestamp":1790034783035,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Molecular imaging, especially PET, has advanced significantly, shifting from metabolic radiotracers like 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose [18F]FDG to target-specific probes. Among these, \u03b1v\u03b26-integrin has emerged as a promising target in cancer and non-cancer diseases. This review focuses on the radiochemical properties and initial clinical applications of the [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin PET probe. Methods: The literature review on [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin systematically evaluated both preclinical and clinical studies, with particular emphasis on its radiochemical characteristics and preliminary clinical applications, while highlighting advancements, associated challenges, and the potential for future developments in the field. Results: This study highlights the significant advancements achieved with [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin in the field of molecular imaging. The optimized multimeric system has substantially enhanced the radiotracer\u2019s pharmacokinetic properties, binding affinity, and selectivity for \u03b1v\u03b26 integrin, demonstrating up to an 18-fold improvement compared to previous monomeric tracers. The synthesis protocol has been refined to achieve high radiochemical purity (&gt;95%), essential for safe clinical use. Preliminary clinical applications, particularly in head and neck cancer (HNC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), have shown promising results, with high detection rates and improved differential diagnosis compared to [18F]FDG. Furthermore, [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin PET\/CT has shown potential in non-oncological conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and primary hyperthyroidism, suggesting broader clinical applicability. Conclusions: [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin is a promising PET probe for imaging \u03b1v\u03b26-integrin in cancers and non-oncological diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T11:00:54Z","timestamp":1745924454000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["68Ga-Trivehexin: Current Status of \u03b1v\u03b26-Integrin Imaging and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Urso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4614-2772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Speltri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7416-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilham","family":"Badrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1490-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Licia","family":"Uccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4059-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Niorettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Cittanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Bartolomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Onco-Haematology, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Boschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-024-00702-4","article-title":"Advances in Radioligand Theranostics in Oncology","volume":"28","author":"Lawal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. 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