{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:15:50Z","timestamp":1760058950510,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH\/NCI Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To use natural language processing (NLP) to extract large-scale data from the CT radiology reports of patients with advanced melanoma treated with immunotherapy and to determine whether liver metastases affect survival. Methods: Patient criteria (M1 disease subclassified into M1a, M1b, or M1c) as well as alternative criteria (M1 with advanced melanoma, imaged with CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis from July 2014\u2013March 2019) were included retrospectively. NLP was used to identify metastases from CT reports, and then patients were classified according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging disease subclassified into M1L+ or M1L\u2212, indicating whether liver metastases were present or not). Statistical analysis included constructing Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves and calculating hazard ratios (HRs). Results: 2239 patients were included (mean age, 63 years). Whether using AJCC or alternative criteria, overall survival (OS) was poorest for M1L+ (entire cohort median OS, 0.69 years [95% CI: 0.60\u20130.82]; immunotherapy cohort median OS, 1.4 years [95% CI: 0.92\u20132.0]) compared to M1L\u2212 (entire cohort median OS, 1.8 years [95% CI: 1.4\u20132.2]; immunotherapy cohort median OS; M1L\u2212, 2.9 years [95% CI: 2.3\u20133.9]). The median HR for M1L+ (median HR, 5.35 [95% CI: 4.59\u20136.24]) was higher than that for M0 (p &lt; 0.001). The median HR for M1L+ (median HR, 2.13 [95% CI: 1.65\u20132.64]) was higher than that for M0 (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with advanced melanoma, particularly those with liver metastases, demonstrated inferior survival, even when treated with immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T11:46:19Z","timestamp":1746618379000},"page":"1595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural Language Processing of Radiology Reports to Assess Survival in Patients with Advanced Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jeeban P.","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Eichholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varadan","family":"Sevilimedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0603-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Gangai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danny N.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Postow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard K. G.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(78)90171-X","article-title":"Metastatic pattern of malignant melanoma. A study of 216 autopsy cases","volume":"135","author":"Patel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2020.08.015","article-title":"Combinatorial Approaches to the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma","volume":"35","author":"Munhoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. 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Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/9\/1595\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:28:58Z","timestamp":1760030938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/9\/1595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17091595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17091595","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6694"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]}}}