{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:37:14Z","timestamp":1791909434274,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)","award":["P1-0389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0389"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)","award":["P3-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0003"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)","award":["Z1-4384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1-4384"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)","award":["J3-2529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J3-2529"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)","award":["J3-3083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J3-3083"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Skin lesions associated with head and neck carcinomas present a diagnostic challenge. Conventional imaging methods, such as dermoscopy and RGB imaging, often face limitations in providing detailed information about skin lesions and accurately differentiating tumor tissue from healthy skin. Methods: This study developed a novel approach utilizing tissue index images derived from hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in combination with machine learning (ML) classifiers to enhance lesion classification. The primary aim was to identify essential features for categorizing tumor, peritumor, and healthy skin regions using both RGB and hyperspectral data. Detailed skin lesion images of 16 patients, comprising 24 lesions, were acquired using HSI. The first- and second-order statistics radiomic features were extracted from both the tissue index images and RGB images, with the minimum redundancy\u2013maximum relevance (mRMR) algorithm used to select the most relevant ones that played an important role in improving classification accuracy and offering insights into the complexities of skin lesion morphology. We assessed the classification accuracy across three scenarios: using only RGB images (Scenario I), only tissue index images (Scenario II), and their combination (Scenario III). Results: The results indicated an accuracy of 87.73% for RGB images alone, which improved to 91.75% for tissue index images. The area under the curve (AUC) for lesion classifications reached 0.85 with RGB images and over 0.94 with tissue index images. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of utilizing HSI-derived tissue index images as a method for the non-invasive characterization of tissues and tumor analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17101622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T04:21:23Z","timestamp":1747023683000},"page":"1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Skin Lesion Classification in Head and Neck Cancers Using Tissue Index Images Derived from Hyperspectral Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0627-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doruntina","family":"Hoxha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7793-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aljo\u0161a","family":"Krt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Izola General Hospital, 6310 Izola, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u0161t","family":"Stergar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadej","family":"Tomani\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1623-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Gro\u0161elj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4758-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"\u0160tajduhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Ser\u0161a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4417-0293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matija","family":"Milani\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.10.013","article-title":"The global burden of skin cancer: A longitudinal analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2017","volume":"2","author":"Urban","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14782","article-title":"The limitations of dermoscopy: False-positive and false-negative tumours","volume":"32","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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