{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:03:54Z","timestamp":1774883034415,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP 24K11852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 24K11852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is subclassified into small and large duct types. Although these subclassifications may help determine the appropriate treatment strategy, subclassification diagnosis currently depends on postoperative pathological examinations. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict ICC subclassifications. Methods: This study included 126 patients with ICC who underwent liver resection. The participants were divided into small and large duct-type ICC groups. A nomogram to predict large duct-type ICC was developed using four diagnostic imaging findings: rim-type enhancement in the early phase, an absence of tumor enhancement in the early phase, the presence of peripheral biliary dilatation due to tumor invasion, the presence of penetrating Glisson\u2019s vessels in the tumor, and two laboratory test results: serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. Nomogram performance was also assessed. Moreover, the bootstrap method and calibration plots were used to assess nomogram validity. Results: Seventy and fifty-six patients were pathologically diagnosed with small and large duct-type ICCs, respectively. The area under the curve of the established nomogram was 0.93 and remained 0.91 after Harrell\u2019s bias correction. The sensitivity and specificity of the nomogram developed using the Youden index were higher than those of any of the characteristic imaging findings. Calibration plots demonstrated a strong association between the nomogram and the actual data. Conclusions: We developed a novel preoperative nomogram to predict large duct-type ICC. This nomogram can be clinically useful for predicting the subclassifications of ICCs and may contribute to the establishment of a more appropriate treatment strategy for ICC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17101690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T03:51:03Z","timestamp":1747626663000},"page":"1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Preoperative Diagnostic Nomogram to Predict Tumor Subclassifications of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0511-0244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Nonomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Smart Data & Knowledge Services, Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz (DFKI), Trippstadter Stra\u00dfe 122, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Shintani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-8972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahito","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroji","family":"Shinkawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Health Education Course, Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Shitennoji University, 3-2-1 Gakuenmae, Habikino, Osaka 583-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9534-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeaki","family":"Ishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975","article-title":"The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system","volume":"76","author":"Nagtegaal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.241","article-title":"Morphological subclassification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Etiological, clinicopathological, and 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