{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:40:25Z","timestamp":1784245225458,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union funds for 2021\u20132027 and the state budget of the Republic of Lithuania","award":["09-063-P-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09-063-P-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: In 2024, Lithuania developed a national lung cancer screening program (the Program), targeting individuals aged 50 to 70 years, regardless of their smoking history, with screenings conducted once every three years. The Program aims not only to actively detect lung nodules (lung cancer) but also to identify clinically significant concomitant findings. The pilot study aimed to evaluate the screening process\u2019s feasibility and organizational efficiency of the screening process, as well as its potential clinical effectiveness. Methods: Three family medicine centers were selected for participation. The Coordinating Center contacted individuals aged 50 to 70 sequentially and invited them to participate, regardless of smoking status. In total, 1014 individuals were prospectively enrolled and underwent low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) screening between 26 September 2024 and 14 February 2025. Results: Of the individuals invited, 76.1% agreed to participate. Lung-RADS v2022 category 4 nodules were identified in 1.4% of participants (n = 14), including six smokers and eight non-smokers. Additionally, one participant with a Lung-RADS category 2 nodule was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma originating from peripheral lung changes. Newly identified significant incidental findings were detected in 25.9% of participants: 5.1% had pulmonary or mediastinal findings (most commonly emphysema, interstitial lung changes, and bronchiectasis), 18.7% had cardiovascular findings (usually coronary artery calcification, aortic valve calcification, and aorta dilation), and 2.1% had other clinically relevant conditions (e.g., thyroid nodules, diaphragmatic changes). Following assessment by family physicians, 17.6% of all participants were referred to medical specialists, including pulmonologists, cardiologists, and others. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that the Lithuanian lung cancer screening model is feasible, well-organized, and clinically valuable. The findings support the Program\u2019s readiness for broader implementation at the national level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17121956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T03:59:17Z","timestamp":1749700757000},"page":"1956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Lithuanian Lung Cancer Screening Model: Results of a Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2726-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edvardas","family":"Danila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Krynke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Radiation Surveillance Division, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audron\u0117","family":"Ciesi\u016bnien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Informatics and Development, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3463-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil\u0117","family":"\u017du\u010denkien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Diseases and Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Centre of Family Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2715-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Kantautas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Diseases and Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Centre of Family Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-6512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birut\u0117","family":"Gricien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Radiation Surveillance Division, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dileta","family":"Valan\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrida","family":"Zeleckien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasa","family":"Austrotien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Management Department, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9442-4539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel\u0117","family":"Tarutyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Informatics and Development, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. \u010ciurlionio St. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1166-7199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Vencevi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Diseases and Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Centre of Family Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 St. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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