{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:09:02Z","timestamp":1792710542309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although vitamin D supplementation is simple, inexpensive, and safe, vitamin D deficiency remains widespread, especially in developing communities. The aim of our study was to assess vitamin D levels among patients with gynecological cancers and compare them with those in patients with benign tumors living in rural and urban areas. Methods: This is a clinical retrospective study covering data analysis from March 2021 to July 2023. A total of 686 patients with uterine or ovarian tumors were analyzed. An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to assess vitamin D concentrations. Other laboratory blood tests were also performed on the admission day. Results: A significant reduction in vitamin D levels in oncological vs. non-oncological patients (median 23 (17, 33) ng\/mL vs. 28 [21, 36] ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001) was observed. The lowest vitamin D concentration was found in patients with ovarian cancer (median 22 (16, 32) ng\/mL), followed by those with endometrial cancer and cervical cancer\u2014median 24 (18, 35) ng\/mL and 26 (20, 31) ng\/mL, respectively). We found no differences in the vitamin D concentration between various histopathological types of ovarian cancers (p = 0.07). No correlation between the vitamin D concentration and age (r = 0.03, p &gt; 0.05) was noted. A negligible negative correlation between vitamin D levels and BMI was observed (r = \u22120.095, p = 0.03). Additionally, those living in cities had a significantly reduced vitamin D concentration compared to those living in rural areas. No significant differences were demonstrated in vitamin D concentrations between malignant and benign tumors among patients living in rural areas (p = 0.17). Conclusions: Gynecological oncology patients have significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to non-oncological patients. In our patient population, ovarian and endometrial cancers were frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency. While this observation does not establish causation, it highlights the potential value of monitoring vitamin D levels and addressing deficiencies as part of broader cancer prevention and management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17121987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T04:06:24Z","timestamp":1750046784000},"page":"1987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D Concentration Among Women with Gynecological Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8539-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin Adam","family":"Z\u0119balski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Z\u0119balska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4796-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Krzywon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Nowosielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piatek, K., Schepelmann, M., and Kallay, E. 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